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The impurity conductivity of semiconductors is called their electrical conductivity, due to the introduction of impurities (impurity centers) into their crystal lattices.
The electron-hole transition (n-p-junction) is the region of a single-crystal semiconductor in which the conductivity changes from electron to p-type (or vice versa).
A transistor (semiconductor triode) contains at least three dissimilar regions representing a combination of transitions of n-p-n or p-n-p-types.
A magnetic field is one of the parts of the electromagnetic field.
The magnetic field, whose characteristics do not change with time, is called stationary. Otherwise, the magnetic field is a variable (nonstationary) field.
Rule of the right screw (the rule of the borer): if the handle of the right-hand bore is rotated in the direction of the current in the circuit (in the current frame), the direction of the unit vectors of the normal and the magnetic moment coincides with the direction of motion of the tip of the borer.
Ampère's law: for a small section of a conductor, the force I and the length Δl placed in a homogeneous magnetic field with induction B is acted upon by a force ΔF whose modulus is ΔF = IΔlBsinα.
The simplest single-layer solenoid is a cylindrical coil consisting of a large number of turns of wire that form a screw line.
A solenoid, inside which a ferromagnetic rod is placed, is called an electromagnet.
The specific charge of a particle is the ratio of its charge to mass.
Instruments with which accurate measurements of the relative atomic masses of isotopes of chemical elements are made are called mass spectrographs or mass spectrometers.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: e m f electromagnetic induction? j in the circuit is equal and opposite in sign of the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the surface area bounded by this contour:
Vortex currents or Foucault currents are induction currents in solid conductors.