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and .

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Different page templates. The design and maintenance of content structure ( sub-  components, 

templates, etc.),  web-  page structure and website structure. It should be possible to create dif-

ferent layouts and designs for different site sections or categories of pages.

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Link management. The maintenance of internal and external links through content change 

and the elimination of dead links.

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Input and syndication. The loading (spidering) of externally originating content and the 

aggregation and dissemination of content from a variety of sources.

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Versioning. The crucial task of controlling which edition of a page, page element or the 

whole site is published. Typically this will be the most recent, but previous editions should 

be archived and it should be possible to roll back to a previous version.

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Security and access control. Different permissions can be assigned to different roles of 

users and some content may only be available through log-in details. In these cases, the 

CMS maintains a list of users.

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Use of  plug-  ins and widgets. Mashups are possible through embedding widgets such as 

links to social networks or  third-  party applications. But a content management system 

may not readily support embedding within the main content or sidebars.

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Publication workflow. Content destined for a website needs to pass through a publication 

process to move it from the management environment to the live delivery environment. 

The process may involve tasks such as format conversion (e.g. to PDF, or to WAP), ren-

dering to HTML, editorial authorisation and the construction of composite documents in 

real time (personalisation and selective dissemination).

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Tracking and monitoring. Providing logs and statistical analysis of use to provide perfor-

mance measures, tune the content according to demand and protect against misuse. It 

should also be possible to rapidly add tags to the page templates for web analytics tools 

such as Google Analytics.

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Navigation and visualisation. Providing an intuitive, clear and attractive representation of 

the nature and location of content using colour, texture, 3D rendering or even virtual reality.