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§23:112–118; not given by analysis of
meaning, 112–113; propriety derives
from function of moral principles, 113;
generality, 113–114; universality, 114–
115; publicity, 115; ordering, 115–116;
finality, 116–117; exclude variants of
egoism, 117–118
Foster, G. M., 468n
Four-stage sequence, §31:171–176; three
kinds of political questions, 171–172;
needed as schema to apply principles
of justice, 172; as elaboration of origi-
nal position, 172–173; constitutional
convention, 172–174; as part of the the-
ory of justice, 172n, 176; legislative
stage, 174–175; division of labor be-
tween principles in, 174–175; stage of
particular cases, 175; availability of
knowledge in, 175–176
Frankena, W. K., 22n, 113n, 444n, 446n
Franklin, J. H., 338n
Fraternity, 90-91
Free and equal persons, 131–132, 339,
475; highest-order interests of, 131–
132, 475–476
Free association, principle of, 272–273,
289, 330–331
Freedom of speech, 195–196, 197–198
Free-rider: problem of, 236–239; egoism,
107, 117–118, 311–312, 340, 499
Frege, Gottlob, 45
Freud, Sigmund, 402n, 428, 472–474
Fried, Charles, 223n, 322n, 371n
Fuchs criterion, 84n
Full system of principles, 299–300, 306,
434
Fuller, Lon, 52n, 206n, 209n
Galanter, Eugene, 358n
Games as examples of social unions, 460–
461
526
Index
Gauthier, D. P., 21n, 211n, 238n
Geach, P. T., 356n
Generality: as formal condition, 113–114,
160, 221; and variants of egoism, 114,
117–118
Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas, 38n
Gewirth, Alan, 99n
Gibbard, Allan, 14n, 20n, 294n
Gierke, Otto, 10n
Goethe, J. W., von, 286
Goldman, Alvin, 358n
Good, definition of, on thin theory, §§61–
62:350–358; three-stage definition of,
350–351; illustrated by simpler cases,
352–353; moral neutrality of, 354–
355; discussion of meaning in, 355–358
Good, full theory of, 380–386; defined,
348, 349–350; and moral worth, 355,
381–384; and human goods, 373; and
congruence, 496–503.
See also next en-
try
Good, thin theory of, §60:347–350;
defined, 348–349; need for, 348–349,
350; accounts for primary goods, 348,
380–381, 392–393; contrasted with
full theory of, 347–348, 349–350;
three-stage definition of good in, 350–
355; discussion of meaning in, 355–
358; definition of good applied to plans
of life, 358–361; principles of rational
choice in, 361–364; and deliberative ra-
tionality, 364–372; general facts in,
372–373; and Aristotelian principle,
374–380; contrasted with concept of
right, 392–394; and problem of congru-
ence, 496–503
Good (beneficent) act, 385
Good (benevolent) action, 385
Good faith, of original agreement, 153–
154, 159
Good society, 505
Goodman, Nelson, 18n
Goodness as rationality,
see
Good, thin
theory of
Gough, J. W., 10n
Government, four branches of, 243–247,
249–251
Greater likelihood, principle of, 362
Gregor, M. J., 221n
Grice, G. R., 10n
Grudgingness, 467–468, 470–471, 473
Guilt: feelings of, defined, 415–416, 421–
422; Kant’s ethics not an ethic of, 225;
distinguished from shame, 391, 423–
424; authority guilt, 407; and natural at-
titudes, 407, 412, 416, 427–429; asso-
ciation guilt, 412; principle guilt,
415–417; rational, defined, 416; psy-
chological understandability of, 416–
419; explanation of, 421–422; neu-
rotic, 421; residue, 421–422; features
of as moral sentiment, 422–424; and as-
pects of morality, 424; and finality con-
dition, 503
Halévy, Elie, 49n
Happiness, §83:480–486; defined, 79,
480–481; as self-contained, 481–482;
as self-sufficient, 482; and blessedness,
defined, 482; not necessarily pursued
by a rational plan of life, 482; of saints
and heroes, 482–483; not a dominant
end, 484–485
Hardie, W. F. R., 9n, 45n, 374n, 481n, 484n
Hare, R. M., 113n, 164n, 381n, 384n
Harman, G. H., 145n
Harmony of social interests, 89–90
Harrison, Jonathan, 20n
Harrod, R. F., 20n
Harsanyi, J. C., 20n, 118n, 140n
Hart, H. L. A., 5n, 48n, 96n, 97n, 109n,
180n, 210n, 212n, 277n, 291n, 301n
Hedonism, §84:486–490; defined, 22,
486–487; as dominant-end method of
first-person choice, 486–487; failure
of, 488; not rescued by utility theory,
557; tendency to hedonism in teleologi-
cal theories, 490–491; and unity of the
self, and Mill’s proof of utility, 492–493
Hegel, G. W. F., 221n, 265, 457n
Hempel, C. G., 124n
Herzen, Alexander, 254
Hicks, J. R., 147n
Hobbes, Thomas, 10n, 211, 238, 304–305
Hoffman, M. L., 402n, 403n
Hollingsdale, J. R., 286n
Homans, G. C., 430n
Houthakker, H. S., 38n
Human goods, 373–374, 379–380
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 459–460
Hume, David, 8, 20n, 109n; criticism of
Locke, 29n, 296n; and circumstances
of justice, 110; and impartial sympa-
thetic spectator, 161–163, 165–166, 223
Hutcheson, Francis, 20n, 38n
Ideal market process, 316–318
Ideal observer, 161–162
Ideal of the person, 231–232
Ideal procedure, 314–318
Ideal-regarding principles, 287
Ideal theory: defined and contrasted with
nonideal theory, 7–8, 215–216, 308–
309; as fundamental part of theory of
527
Index
Ideal theory
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