8.7. AI and ML-based methods AI and ML-based approaches have been considered as
powerful tools to solve many real-world wireless network-
ing problems revolutionizing 5G/B5G networks. On this
advent, the UAV cellular communication has opened up
new possibility for autonomous UAV operation consider-
ing the security, performance and dynamic complex deploy-
ment scenarios. Numerous research issues exist in study-
ing and evaluating AI/ML-empowered techniques to solve
challenges of UAV-ground interference management, power
control, multi-UAV cooperation etc. Moreover, Q-learning
approaches are helpful for UAVs to tackle security issues by
adaptively controls the UAV transmission as per the mali-
cious type of attacks.
8.8. Computational Offloading Due to moderate computational capabilities and limited
onboard energy of UAVs, MEC can be helpful for offload-
ing computationally heavy tasks from cellular-connected
UAV to edge nodes to improve endurance and life time of
UAV. Some examples of such intense tasks are real-time
face recognition in a crowd surveillance use case. For such
use case, leveraging MEC capabilities along with UAV, the
recognition task can be offloaded to complete the job in a
timely manner. Additionally, to save the information from
eavesdropper, proper security mechanisms needs to be inte-
grated to the MEC-UAV platform for optimum performance.
These research areas are largely unexplored so far and nu-
merous scopes exists for design and development of UAV-
MEC frameworks for cellular-connected UAVs considering
its diverse use case.
9. Conclusions In this work, we provided a comprehensive study on the
Cellular-assisted UAV communication paradigm (Cellular-
connected UAV) where UAV is integrated to existing
5G/B5G cellular systems as a new aerial UE. The detailed
taxonomy of various application domains with emerging
use cases as well as the technical synergistic challenges of
UAV integration with cellular network are discussed first.
Then, we focus on the promising network architectures and
physical layer improvements in 5G/B5G systems consider-
ing the hardware and software design challenges of Cellular-
connected UAVs. The key innovative 5G technologies are
elaborated enabling the seamless integration and support
of UAV communication over cellular spectrum. In order
to characterize the design performance benefits and study
the realistic deployment issues, we also highlighted the ef-
forts to develop working prototypes as well as the field tri-
als and simulations. The progress on standardization ac-
tivities by 3GPP, national and international regulations and
concerns pertaining to socio-economic barriers are also dis-
cussed which must be accounted before successful adoption
this new technology. We believe this work will be a very
useful and motivating resource for researchers working on
cellular-connected UAVs in order to unlock a holistic view
and to exploit its full potential.