A revolutionary Way of Teaching Ken Lackman kl + Ken Lackman & Associates



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lexicalactivitiesHandout10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Types of Chunks
 
As mentioned earlier, the Lexical Approach focuses not on individual words 
but on clusters or chunks of words. Part of the reason for this is that 
individual words, particularly many of those which are high in frequency, 
can change meaning depending on the other words they are chunked 
together with. The five sentences below i
ndicate how the word “take” can 
change depending on the words it is associated with.
What‟s your 
take
on this?
It didn‟t 
take
the first time.
You need to 
take
in the top a little bit.
Have you 
taken
into account the cost?
Take
the bull by the horns.
The Lexical Approach consists of three main types of chunks:

Collocations:
words of the four main parts of speech which go 
together, usually, but not always, two words.

Fixed expressions:
expressions which cannot be changed or can 
only be changed minimally. Most fixed expressions are idiomatic or 
are those used in polite speech (e.g., How‟s it going?).

Semi-fixed expressions:
expressions which have at least one slot 
into which a number of different words or phrases can be inserted.
The list below indicates some of the lexical chunks in the five sentences 
with take. Below those are examples of how two semi-fixed expressions 
can be broken down and expanded.
Collocations: 
take in, first time, little bit
 
Fixed expressions: 
take the bull by the horns
 
Semi-fixed expressions: 
It didn’t take the…, Have you taken into account…

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