A a an interjection of casual response

A 1. the male or positive principle, yang 2. convex, raised 3. interjection of response 4. interjection of fear 5. vocative particle 6. a tooth in the Manchu script

A A an interjection of casual response

A I BUKDAN the outside edge of a piece of folded paper

A JIJUN I ACANGGA a bronze identification token with raised characters used to gain admittance to a city at night

A JILGAN a yang tone in music

A FA SERE ONGGOLO see afanggala

A SI a sound used for driving chickens or birds

A TA (onom.) the sound of a commotion

ABA 1. hunt, battue 2. where

ABA BARGIYAMBI to call in a hunt, to call in a battue

ABA SAHA hunting

ABA SARAMBI to spread out a battue line

ABA SINDAMBI to form up a battue ABA TUCIMBI to depart on a hunt or battue

ABALABUMBI caus. of abalambi

ABALAMBI to participate in a battue, to hunt

ABALANAMBI to go to participate in a battue, to go to hunt

ABALANDUMBI/ABALANUMBI to hunt together, to participate in a battue together

ABALANJIMBI to come to participate in a battue

ABDAHA leaf

ABDAHA AISIN gold leaf

ABDAHA EFEN a small cake in the shape of a leaf

ABDAHANAMBI to leaf, to produce leaves

ABDAHANAME BANJIMBI to produce leaves, to become leafy

ABDALAMBI see abtalambi

ABDANGGA 1. having leaves, leafy 2. folded accordion fashion

ABDANGGA AFAHA a paper folded accordion fashion

ABDANGGA BITHE a document folded accordion fashion

ABDANGGA FUNGNEHEN an imperial document on yellow or gold paper ABDANGGA MOO the Chinese fan palm

ABDARI tarajo (Ilex latifolia)

ABGARI idle, without occupation, retired' official

ABGARI BANJIMBI to be idle, to live in retirement

ABIDA Amida Buddha

ABIDE see aibide

ABIMBI see aibimbi

ABISHŪN see aibishūn

ABIŠAHA DABIŠAHA distantly related, not genuinely related

ABKA 1. sky, heaven 2. weather 3. emperor

ABKA BE GINGGULERE YAMUN Imperial Board of Astronomy, BH 223

ABKA BE GINGGULERE YAMUN I ALIHA HAFAN Director of the Imperial Board of Astronomy, BH 223

ABKA BE GINGGULERE YAMUN I ILIHI HAFAN Vice-Director of the Imperial Board of Astronomy, BH 223

ABKA HEYENEHEBI there are a few clouds in the sky

ABKA SARU by heaven! heaven knows! ABKA ŠU NA I GIYAN astronomy and geography

ABKA TUSIHIYEN OHO the sky has become overcast with mist and clouds ABKAI by nature, naturally, natural ABKAI ARI a demon of the sky, a scoundrel, a thoroughly mischievous person

ABKAI BANJIBUNGGA ENDURI the name of the goddess of the sea

ABKAI BUHUNGGE KIRU a banner having upon it the symbol of the 'heavenly deer'

ABKAI BUTEN the horizon

ABKAI CIRA the emperor's countenance

ABKAI COOHA 'heavenly troops'--an honorific title for the imperial forces

ABKAI DAILAN an imperial punitive expedition

ABKAI DENGJAN a lantern hung on a pole

ABKAAI DUKA BE NEIRE MUDAN the music used in rites to honor a new Metropolitan Graduate

ABKAI DURUNGGA TETUN a model of the heavenly bodies

ABKAI FEJERGI all under heaven--the world, the universe

ABKAI FULINGGA the T'ien-ming reign period, 1616-1626

ABKAI HAN the heavenly sovereign--God on high

ABKAI HAN I DEYEN the throne room in the Temple of Heaven in Peking

ABKAI HAN I ORDO the circular altar to Heaven

ABKAI HORGIKŪ the first star of the Great Bear

ABKAI IMIYANGGA GOLOI BOLGOBURE FIYENTEN a section of the Bureau of Justice in Mukden

ABKAI JUI the Son of Heaven, the emperor

ABKAI MORIN a mythical beast--like a horse but with fleshy wings

ABKAI MORINGGA KIRU a banner having the symbol of the 'heavenly horse' upon it

ABKAI SIHIYAKU 'the axis of heaven'--the same as abkai horgikū.

ABKAI SUKDUN weather, air

ABKAI SURE the T'ien-ts'ung reign period, 1627-1635

ABKAI SU astronomy

ABKAI ŠU I HONTOHO Astronomical Section, BH 230

ABKAI SURDEJEN USIHA the seven stars of the Big Dipper

ABKAI TAN the altar of heaven

ABKAI TEN I USIHA the North Star

ABKAI TSANG an imperial grain depository

ABKAI WEHIYEHE the Ch'ien-lung reign period, 1736-1796

ABKAI YANG the sun

ABKAMBI an old form of agmmbi--to rain

ABKANA heaven and earth--a great deal, very much (in children's speech)

ABKAWARU cursed by heaven--an oath

ABSA 1. a fishing implement--a board at the end of a boat to which a net was attached 2. a birchbark container

ABSALAN 1. the upper front leg bone of a pig or other domestic animal 2. upper arm bone

ABSAMBI (-ka) to become dry and shriveled, to become skin and bones, to become sickly or emaciated

ABSARI emaciation

ABSI 1. how? 2. where to? whither? 3. what a . . .', how . . .!

ABSI FECIKI how wonderful!

ABSI GAMARA what is to be done?

ABSI HAIRAKA what a shame

ABSI HIHANAKU how worthless

ABSI OHO what happened?

ABSI OJORO what can one do? what for?

ABSI OJORO BE SARKŪ not knowing how it happened

ABSI SERENGGE what are you saying? nothing of the sort

ABSI YABSI really very ...

ABSIMBI see absambi

ABTAJAMBI to fall off, to come apart

ABTALABUMBI caus. of abtalambi

ABTALAMBI to break off (branches), to prune

ABTARAMBI to yell, to scream, to cause a commotion

ABTUKŪLAMBI to miss hitting an animal in a mortal spot (in hunting)

ABU almost, nearly

ABU ABU OHO almost happened

ABUCI ILHA Lycoris radiata

ABUHA endive (Caprella bursa)

ABUHA HŪLHA accomplice

ABUHA ILHA one type of chrysanthemum

ABULIMBI (-ka) to become exhausted

ABUNA Draba nemorosa

ABURAMBI to fight wildly or blindly

ABURAME TANTAMBI to hit and fight wildly

ABURANAMBI to come to blows, to grapple with

ABURI evil, envious, spiteful

ABURI EHE evil, the myriad evils

ACABUBUMBI caus. of acabumbi

ACABUKI flatterer, sycophant

ACABUKŪ flatterer, an obsequious person

ACABUMBI 1. caus. of acambi 2. to join, to put (back) together, to connect 3. to bring together, to introduce, to recommend 4. to present (to an audience) S. to mate, to couple 6. to mix, to mingle 7. to come together, to have (sexual) relations 8. to adapt to, to make fit, to attune, to adjust, to match, to

harmonize 9. to wait on, to attend 10. to be obsequious, to flatter 11. to collate, to proofread 12. to graft (trees)

ACABUFI BODORO FIYENTEN Department of Accounting;cf. BH 829B

ACABUFI WECERE WECEN a sacrifice performed in the palace on New Year's Eve to the imperial ancestors

ACABUHA JAKDAN I ŠUGI resin, gum

ACABUME ARARA HAFAN official proofreader, revisor; cf. BH 94, 139, 177

ACABUME BANJIBUKŪ Compiler of the Second Class, BH 200B

ACABUME BODOMBI to do accounts

ACABUME BODORO HAFAN finance officer

ACABUME BURE HAFAN supply officer

ACABUME HŪLARA FALGANGGA examination reading office

ACABUME HŪLARA HAFAN examination reader

ACABUME TUWARA BITHE a tally consisting of two fitting parts

ACABUME TUWARA BITHEI KUNGGERI office for issuing tallies in the Board of War

ACABUN summary, union, adaptation, harmony, efficacy

ACABUN I FULHUN one of the six minor pipes in music

ACABUN WECEN offering made to the earth god on a hill

ACABUNGGA united, harmonized, adapted

ACABUNGGA BOJI contract

ACABUNGGA FUKJINGGA HERGEN an ancient style of Chinese calligraphy

ACABUNGGA INENGGI a day on which the yin and yang elements harmonize

ACABUNGGA JUNGKEN chimes

ACALAMBI to act together, to act mutually

ACALAME SIMNEMBI to assemble all the candidates in the capital for the Imperial Examination, to go for the Imperial Examination

ACAMBI 1. to meet, to get together, to come together, to combine 2. to visit (the home of the deceased after a funeral) 3. to be in agreement, to be in harmony, to be on friendly terms, to make up after a quarrel 4. to engage in sexual intercourse, to copulate, to mate S. to correspond to, to match, to fit, to be equal to 6. to be fitting, to be appropriate 7. (after the conditional converb) should, ought, must

ACARA BE TUWAME in accordance with what is appropriate

ACARAKŪ inappropriate, unfitting

ACAMJABUMBI 1. caus. of acamjambi 2. to put together, to assemble

ACAMJAMBI to come together in oneplace, to pool together (money)

ACAMJANGGA composite

ACAMJANGGA BESERGEN a large bed composed of a number of individual beds put together

ACAMJANGGA MULAN a large bench composed of several individual smaller benches

ACAN 1. harmony, concord, union, meeting, juncture 2. joined 3. domino piece

ACAN BEIDESI Second Class Subprefect, BH 849A

ACAN GIRANGGI shoulder bone

ACANAMBI 1. to go to meet 2. to fit, to suit, to be to the point, to be correct

ACANAHA SERE HERGEN I TEMGETU a tally consisting of two halves with characters written across it

ACANDUMBI/ACANUMBI to meet together

ACANGGA 1. harmonious, fitting 2. a tally, an identification token

ACANGGA INENGGI a day that the heaven's stems, earth's branches, and the five elements all coincide favorably

ACANJIMBI (imperative: acanju) to come to meet, to come for an audience

ACANJIME ISANJIRE TULERGI GURUN I

BITHE UBALIYAMBURE KUREN Residence for Envoysof the Four Tributary States, BH 392

ACIBUMBI caus. of acimbi

ACIHA load, burden

ACIHA FULMIYEN baggage, freight

ACIHI stake, share

ACIHI JAFAMBI to hold a stake or share in a game of chance

ACIHILABUMBI caus. of acihilambi

ACIHILAMBI 1. to divide equally 2. to form in pairs, to perform in pairs

ACILAMBI in wrestling, to throw by grabbing the neck

ACIMBI 1. (-ka) to move slightly 2. (-ha) to load

ACIRE KIY00 a baggage litter

ACIN load, burden

ACIN TEMEN pack camel

ACINDUMBI to load together

ACINGGIYABUMBI caus. of acinggiyambi

ACINGGIYAMBI to move slightly, to

shake

ACU ouch! (said when burned by something hot)

ACU FACU with loving tenderness

ACUHIYADABUMBI caus./pass. of acuhiyadambi

ACUHIYADAMBI to slander

ACUHIYAN slander

ACUHŪN harmonious, peaceful, well

ACUHŪN AKŪ 1. unharmonious 2. out of sorts

ACUN confused

ACUN CACUN I confused, erratic

ACUN DE CACUN confused, erratic

ADA 1. plank, board 2. raft

ADA FICAKŪ musical pipes consisting of sixteen sections

ADABUMBI 1. caus. of adambi 2. to attach, to send along with

ADABUFI WESIMBURE BITHE a copy of a memorial presented to the throne

ADABUHA AMBAN an accompanying official

ADABUHA WESIMBURE BITHEI KUNGGERI archives section

ADABUME WECEMBI to make an offering in the ancestral temple when the tablet of a newly deceased was placed among the ancestral tablets

ADADA EBEBE an exclamation of surprise

ADADA EDEDE (onom.) the sound of teeth chattering from cold

ADAGE exclamation of affection used when patting an old person or a child on the back

ADAHA a chest or trunk on a wagon

ADAKI 1. neighbor 2. neighboring, adjacent

ADAKI BOO neighboring house or family

ADAKŪ assistant

ADALI like, same

ADALIKAN somewhat like, rather similar

ADALILIYAN somewhat like

ADALINGGA similar

ADALIŠAMBI to resemble, to be like (used with de)

ADAMBI 1. to accompany, to stand by 2. to be attached to, to be close to, to be next to 3. to form the encirclement at a battue 4. to stitch together

ADAFI KADALARA AMBAN Director of the Imperial Clan Court, BH 60

ADAFI SIMNERE HAFAN assistant examiner

ADAHA BAICARA DOOLI HAFAN assistant intendant

ADAHA BITHEI DA Reader of the Academy, BH 194}

ADAHA GIYANGNARA BITHEI DA Expositor of the Academy, BH 195

ADAHA GIYANGNARA HAFAN subexpositor, BH 197

ADAHA HAFAN a hereditary title of the sixth grade, BH 944

ADAHA HŪLARA BITHEI DA Reader of the Academy, BH 194

ADAHA HŪLARA HAFAN Sub-reader of the Academy, BH 196

ADAHA KADALARA DA Lieutenant-Colonel, BH 752A, 800

ADAHA TUKIYESI a degree candidate entered on the secondary list, BH 629B

ADAME TEMBI to live next door

ADANAMBI 1. to go to be near, to go to attend 2. to go to form the encirclement at a battue

ADANUMBI to form the encirclement at a battue together

ADARAME how? why? how so? what is to be done?

ADARAME OHODE SAIN how should one do it?

ADARAME OHONI how was it?

ADARAME SECI how might . . . ?

ADASUN lapel

ADASUNGGA having lapels

ADISLAMBI to bless, to pronounce a benediction

ADISLAME DOBOMBI to read a portion of scriptures at the beginning of a fast period, to fast

ADISTIT blessing

ADU garment

ADUCI herder

ADUHI leather trousers

ADULABUMBI caus. of adulambi

ADULAMBI to herd

ADULASI herdsman

ADUN 1. herd 2. swarm

ADUN BE KADALARA YAMUN Court of the Imperial Stud,BH 936B

ADUN I AMBAN Director of the Palace Stud, BH 88

ADUN I DA the head of a herd

ADUN I HIYA Guard of the Palace Stud; cf.BH 88

ADUN UMIYAHA a swarming insect that attacks new grain shoots

ADUNGGIYABUMBI caus./pass. of adunggiyambi

ADUNGGIYAMBI to mistreat, to be cruel to

ADURAMBI to rise (of a boil or blister)

AFABUBUMBI caus. of afabumbi (2,3)

AFABUMBI 1. caus. of afambi: 2. to hand over to, to entrust to 3. to commission, to order, to bid

AFABUME UNGGIRE BITHE a document from a higher organ to one of its subordinates

AFAHA list, chapter, page, sheet (of paper)

AFAHANAMBI to form a congealed layer (on the top of a liquid)

AFAHARI a strip of paper, a tally, a label

AFAHARI DAHABURE BA letter office of the Grand Secretariat

AFAHASI an agricultural official appointed by the emperor in ancient times

AFAKIYAMBI to run about rapidly, to stumble about

AFAKŪ valiant fighter, hero

AFAMBI 1. to attack, to fight, to do battle, to lay siege to 2. to cause trouble, to be contentious 3. to be restive, to kick off the hobbles, to paw the ground restively (of horses) 4. to encounter, to run into 5. to have charge of, to be charged with, to be assigned to (a post)

AFARA BA battlefield

AFARA CUWAN a warship

AFARA MORIN a horse used in battle

AFARA WAN a siege ladder

AFAN fight, battle, clash

AFAN AMBA quarrelsome

AFANAMBI to go to attack, to strike

AFANDUMBI/AFANUMBI to attack together, to fight together

AFANGGALA beforehand, prematurely

AFANGGALA JABDUMBI to shoot before everyone else on a battue

AFANJIMBI to come to fight or attack

AFARALAME fighting while retreating

AFATAMBI 1. to attack, to fight (of a group) 2. (of horses) to stumble

AFIN the hem of the lining of a fur jacket; cf. naimisun

AFIUN opium

AFIYA grass and bean plants cut together while still green

AFIYA TURA a small pillar over the rafters

AGA rain

AGA BAIRE DOROLON a sacrifice offered for rain

AGA BAIRE MUKDEHUN the altar for rain sacrifices

AGA DAMBI to rain

AGA MUKE one of the twenty-four solar divisions of the year falling on February 19 or 20

AGADA the rain deity

AGADA MOO one of the names of the tamarisk, so called because the fluttering of its leaves foretells rain

AGAMBI to rain

AGAHAI NAKARAKŪ to rain incessantly

AGANGGA pertaining to rain

AGANGGA SARA an umbrella

AGE 1. Prince, Son of an Emperor, BH 13 2. a polite term of address, master, sir, lord 3. ouch! ow! cf. ake

AGELI a swelling found on the larch (Larix leptolepis) that is used as a medicine

AGENGGE pertaining to a superior--your, yours

AGESE plural of age

AGO a respectful term of address for men, sir, master

AGUSA plural of agu

AGUSE plural of agu

AGŪLAMBI to treat another person as senior or leader; cf. ahūlambi

AGŪRA 1. vessel, implement, tool, weapon 2. a spear with a panther's tail attached

AGŪRA ENDURI deity of a banner

AGŪRA HAJUN weapons

AGŪRAI HIYA an imperial bodyguard who carried a spear with a panther's tail attached

AG'AJA ether

AHA 1. slave 2. same as aga

AHA NEHŪ serving boys and maids

AHA SENGSE lazy slave-girl! a deprecation addressed to a lazy woman

AHADA a slave overseer

AHADA GURJEN katydid

AHADA ŠUSIHA a whip carried by the emperor as he entered the throne room

AHADAN an old badger; cf. dorgon

AHANTUMBI to serve as a slave

AHASI plural of aha

AHITA a flared slit at the edge of a waist-length jacket

AHŪCILABUMBI caus. of ahūcilambi

AHŪCILAMBI to treat as one's senior, to be older than

AHŪLABUMBI caus. of ahūlambi

AHULAMBI to act as an elder brother

ANŪN 1. elder brother 2. older

AHŪN DEO brothers (collectively)

AHŪN DEO ARAMBI to become bosom friends

AHŪN I BODOME according to the difference of age

AHŪNGGA eldest, of the first rank, eldest son

AHŪNGGA ENEN children of the chief wife

AHŪNGGA JUI eldest son

AHŪRA same as agūra

AHŪRAMBI to frighten a reclining animal

AHŪRI HŪYARI sound used to frighten reclining animals

AHŪŠAMBI to honor as one's senior, to treat as an elder brother

AHŪTA plural of ahūn

AI 1. what? which? 2. hey!

AI AI all kinds, various kinds

AI AI JAKA all sorts of things

AI AKŪ BANJIMBI to live without lacking any necessity

AI ANIYA in what cyclical year were you born?

AI BAINGGE from where? whence?

AI BAITA what (matter)? for what reason? what use is it?

AI DALJI of what concern is it? of what benefit is it?

AI DEMŪN what manner?

AI DEREI how can I have the face to . . . ? how dare I . . . ?

AI ERINDE when?

AI GANAHA why should . . . ? what use? si tede ai ganaha 'what do you want from him?'

AI GELERAKŪ same as ai gelhun akū

AI GELHUN AKŪ how dare . . . ? doesn't dare . . .

AI GELI how dare I . . . ? how dare you! you're welcome

AI HALA what's the point of doing it? (said of frightening things)

AI HARAN for what reason?

AI HENDŪME GAIMBI how could (I) accept it?

AI HENDŪRE all the more . .not to mention . . .

AI HIHAN what is so unusual about that?

AI JALIN for what reason?

AI JOBORO what is there to worry about? what is bothering you?

AI JOJIN for what reason, from what motive?

AI MAKTAHAI same as ai jojin

AI OCIBE in any case

AI OMBINI what can be done? what is wrong?

AI SEME why? for what reason?

AI SERE says what?

AI TURGUN why? for what reason?

AI TURGUN DE why? for what reason?

AI UTTU GER SEME WAJIRAKŪ what endless prattling

AI YADARA the same as ai joboro

AI YOKTO to what good purpose? for what? how could I be so bold to . . . ?

AI WEI SEME this way and that, in an indefinite way

AIBA same as aibi

AIBACI whence? from where?

AIBADE where?

AIBI 1. where? 2. what is there?

AIBI HAIBI AKŪ lacking in confidence, despondent; cf. ebi habi akū

AIBICI whence? from where?

AIBIDE where?

AIBIDERI from where?

AIBIMBI to swell

AIBINGGE from where?

AIBISHŪN slightly swollen

AICI what sort of . . . ?

AICI JERGI what sort of?

AIDAGAN 1. a four-year-old wild boar 2. shoulder

AIDAGAN I KALKA wild boar meat

cooked with the skin on

AIDAHAN same as aidagan

AIDAHAN I SENCEHE the name of a star

AIDAHAN SIKA short bristles on a horse's tail

AIDAHAŠAMBI 1. to act like a boar 2. to be stubborn or obstinate, to use force

AIDE where? whither? why? how?

AIDE UTTU OHO how can it be like this?

AIFINI a long time before, much earlier, already

AIFUMBI to break one's word

AIGAN archery target

AIGELI what more? same as ai geli

AIHA glazed pottery, crockery, porcelain

AIHA DEIJIRE KŪWARAN a factory for making glazed products

AIHA SIRGEI DENGJAN a lamp or lantern made of glass fiber and mounted on a wooden stand

AIHA ŠUŠU corn (maize)

AIHADAMBI to leap, to be restive (of horses or cattle)

AIHAJI material used for making glazed ware

AIHANA glaze

AIHANAMBI to glaze

AIHŪ female sable; cf. seke

AIHŪMA 1. (soft-shelled) turtle, trionyx 2. cuckold

AIHŪME bellows made of leather

AIJIRGAN possibly the yellow-rumped swallow (Hirundo daurica)

AIKA 1. if, whether 2. any 3. something

AIKA OHODE every time, always, frequently

AIKA UTTU AIKA TUTTU whether like this or like that

AIKABADE if, in the case that

AIKAN cautious, careful

AIKAN FAIKAN cautious and careful

AIKANAMBI if it is thus, if one does thus

AIKANAHA if it is like that (what will we do?) , like tuttu ohode ainambi

AIKANARAHŪ lest it be like that, I fear it will be like that

AIKTE fruit of the Prunus japonica

AILIMBI to avoid the main road, to detour

AILIME GENEHE went by a detour

AILINAMBI to go by a roundabout way

AILUNGGA elegant, elegantly

AIMAKA probably, seemingly

AIMAN tribe

AIMAN HOKI tribe, tribal grouping

AIMAN I ADAHA JORISI cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I AHUCILAHA HAFAN cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I ELBIRE DAHABURE HAFAN cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I ELBIRE HAFAN cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I HAFAN chieftain of a native tribe; cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I HAFAN I KUNGGERI section on native administrators; cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I MINGGADA chieftain of one thousand, BH 861A

AIMAN I SELGIYERE BILURE HAFAN cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I SELGIYERE TOHOROMBURE HAFAN cf.BH 861A

AIMAN I TANGGŪDA chieftain of one hundred; cf. BH 861A

AIMAN I TOKTOBURE BILURE HAFAN cf. BH 861A

AIMIKA CECIKE one name for the wren

AIMIN TAIMIN refractory, contrary to what is proper or natural

AINAMBAHAMBI how to obtain? how can?

AINAMBI to do what? how? how is (are) . . . ? what's up? why?

AINACI AINAKINI so be it

AINACI OJORO what can one do (so that it turns out well)?

AINAHA what happened? what sort of?

AINAHA SEME surely, without fail, categorically

AINAHABI what has happened? what's wrong?

AINAHAI not necessarily, how . . . ?

AINAHAI OMBINI how can it be?

AINAHAI UTTU NI how can it be like this? what an outrage:

AINAHANI what happened?

AINAMBIHE how did it come to be?

AINAME how?

AINAME AINAME for the time being, negligently, carelessly, in a dilatory manner, as one pleases

AINARA what sort of, what is one to do?

AINARAHŪ lest something happen, I fear something will happen

AINARANGGE what is done? sini ere ainarangge? 'what is this that you have done?'

AINCI perhaps, probably, apparently, presumably

AINI (the instrumental form of ai) wherewith, whereby?

AINU how?

AISE (sentence particle) perhaps

AISEMBI say what? is called what?

AISEHE what did (he) say?

AISEME 1. why? 2. same as ai seine

AISERENGGE what sort of speech? sini ere aiserengge 'what is this you say?'

AISHA Chinese gold-wing (Chloris sinica)

AISHA CECIKE same as aisha

AISI interest, benefit, profit