8127/frame/fm

 
J
Jeffreys, Sir Alec, 34
Jesrich, 53
Jones and Gabard, 11
Judicial system, 15, 317, 321
 
K
Kirk, Paul, 21, 42, 45, 76, 166, 183, 265, 300
Knowledge examination, 315
x8127c index Page 367 Friday, July 21, 2000 11:35 AM

---

 
368
Principles and Practice of Criminalistics
Kriminalistic, 10
 
Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael
, 292
 
L
Laboratory(ies)
accreditation, 34, 232
DNA, 237
experience, 306
full-service, 240, 303
independent, 317
private, 275
specialty, 240
state, 278
Laboratory practice, establishing validity and reli-
ability, 221–243
optimization, 222–223
quality assurance and quality control, 228–230
quality assurance, 228
quality control, 228–230
review, 232–240
elements of review, 234–240
independent review, 233–234
internal review, 232–233
standardization, 230–232
validation, 223–228
levels of validation, 224–225
requirement of validation, 228
validation of methods for comparison evi-
dence, 225
validity vs. reliability, 225–228
Lacassagne, Alexandre, 35, 41, 44
Lancaster, Alison, 317
Landsteiner, Karl, 32
Language, use of among forensic science profes-
sionals, 279
Laser detection, 31
Latent evidence, 208
Lattes, Leon, 32
Law
enforcement, 16
statutory, 102
Lecoq, 27
Legal professionals, 16
Legal question, 15, 16, 106, 203, 234
Legal standard of proof, 122
Likelihood ratio, 142, 143, 146, 171, 261, 268
Likelihood and RMNE calculations, sample, 
353
Locard, Edmund, 26, 27, 41, 44, 46, 84
Locard transfer theory, 93, 94, 98
Looking with purpose, 106
Luminol test, 32