7. Classification of English consonants according to the manner of articulation. Mistakes typical of Russian learners of English and way of correcting them

10. Principles of classification of English vowels. Modification of English vowels in connected speech. Reduction.

Vowels are normally made with the air stream that meets no closure or narrowing in the mouth, pharyngal and nasal cavi­ties. That is why in the production of vowel sounds there is no noise component characteristic of consonantal sounds.

On the articulatory level the description of vowels notes changes:

1. 
   in the stability of articulation,
   
2. 
   in the tongue position,
   
3. 
   in the lip position,
   
4. 
   in the character of the vowel end.