Part
II
enough information about how well they will perform other aspects
of the job. At a formative level, although they provide a basis for
feedback to the assessees, they are less helpful than more generic
scales in suggesting how learners might perform better on different
tasks in the future. For these reasons, most operational scales are
more generic in nature.
Holistic versus analytic scales
Weigle’s (2002) second distinction is between scales that are used to
award a single score (
holistic
scales
) and those that are used to award
multiple scores to a single script (or spoken performance) (
analytic
scales
). In holistic rating, the rater consults a set of graded descriptions
such as those in
Table 6.4
and considers how far the performance
satisfi es the stated criteria. He or she decides either which level best
describes the performance (the ‘best fi t’), or at which level the
performance fully satisfi es all of the stated criteria.
Primary trait
scales
are holistic scales that have been designed to accompany a specifi c task
and refl ect features of writing or speaking that are believed to be
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