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participants over time on the dependent variable is
a) regression to the mean.
b) Maturation.
c) Hawthorne effect.
d) Mortality.

How are research questions most often described?

A. Arising within a laboratory setting
B. Posed after important factors are identified
C. May arise from our everyday life experiences (Your Answer)
D. Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inquiry
Correct
Q.2)
In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
A. They have been investigated before
B. They are available to investigate (Your Answer)
C. They are not of interest to you
D. They do not lead to another question
Correct
Q.3)
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
A. Statement that you set out to prove
B. Tested by collecting only the data that support it
C. Proposed before a good research question can be developed
D. Posits a clear relationship between different factors (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.4)
Experimental methods can typically be described by which of the following?
A. Descriptive
B. Cause-and-effect (Your Answer)
C. Correlational
D. Qualitative
Correct
Q.5)
Michael hands out a survey to find out the average age and schooling level of his class. What type of research is this?
A. Historical
B. Cause-and-effect
C. Quasi-experimental
D. Descriptive (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.6)
Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry (note: these are not ALL of the steps in the process)
A. Formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis (Your Answer)
B. Reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information
C. Asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis
D. Asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis
Explanation
This was a hard one. Congratulations if you got it right. Otherwise, see Page 5 - Figure 1.1.
Correct
Q.7)
Which of the following is true of the scientific method of inquiry?
A. Complete once the hypothesis has been tested
B. Will vary depending on the specific research question
C. Systematic process that is used to answer questions (Your Answer)
D. Different in basic research than in applied research
Correct
Q.8)
Nonexperimental research methods consist of which of the following?
A. Test causal relationships between variables
B. Only describe characteristics of existing phenomenon
C. Can be descriptive, historical, or correlational (Your Answer)
D. Examine factors that are not related
Correct
Q.9)
Hannah assigns children to different teaching method groups and tests their math performance after six weeks. This is an example of what type of research?
A. Descriptive
B. Historical
C. Experimental (Your Answer)
D. Uncontrolled
Correct
Q.10)
What is the major difference between applied and basic research?
A. Basic research takes longer to complete
B. Applied research is less important
C. Basic research is more traditional
D. Basic research has no immediate application (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.11)
Samantha is interested in studying the relationship between gender differences and verbal ability. This is an example of what type of research?
A. Descriptive
B. Quasi-experimental
C. Correlational (Your Answer)
D. Gender research
Correct
Q.12)
When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called?
A. Contradictory
B. Intertwining
C. Confounding (Your Answer)
D. Interdependent
Correct
Q.13)
In a study of the effect of the amount TV viewing on children’s aggressiveness, amount of TV viewing would be what type of variable?
A. Independent variable (Your Answer)
B. Dependent variable
C. Control variable
D. Extraneous variable
Correct
Q.14)
Factorial designs are experiments that can best be defined by which of these statements?
A. Have one independent variable
B. Have one dependent variable
C. Have more than one independent variable (Your Answer)
D. Are tested on math problems
Correct
Q.15)
What type of variable has an unpredictable impact on the dependent variable?
A. Wild variable
B. Independent variable
C. Extraneous variable (Your Answer)
D. Moderator variable
Correct
Q.16)
The null hypothesis represents which of the following statements?
A. No relationship between the variables under study (Your Answer)
B. A positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables
C. A negative relationship between the independent and dependent variables
D. A difference between the variables under study
Correct
Q.17) Which type of study may NOT have an implied null hypothesis?
A. Correlational
B. Descriptive (Your Answer)
C. Quasi-experimental
D. Experimental
Correct
Q.18)
Our job as researchers is to eliminate ___________ as a factor contributing to differences between groups.
A. Chance (Your Answer)
B. Change
C. The hypothesis
D. An average score
Correct
Q.19)
What does a good research question usually pursue?
A. A small part of a broad topic (Your Answer)
B. A topic unrelated to any other topics
C. The same thing as the null hypothesis
D. A broad topic
Correct
Q.20)
The interpretation of “differences are significant” means that the differences found are_________________. 
A. Probably not due to chance (Your Answer)
B. Due to chance
C. Creative outcomes
D. Not dictated by the hypothesis
Incorrect
Q.21)
There will be no relationship between children's time in day care and later academic achievement. This is an example of which of the following?
A. A research question
B. A factorial design
C. A correlation (Your Answer)
D. A null hypothesis (Correct Answer)
Explanation
If a relationship HAD been predicted, this would have been a correlational hypothesis, but because no relationship is predicted, it is a null hypothesis. (This is NOT usually how a research hypothesis is worded, since we are usually looking for a relationship between variables.)
Correct
Q.22)
The significance level reported in a research study can be explained by which of the following?
A. Importance of the results to the benefit of society
B. a statistical method
C. Risk associated with not being 100% confident the difference is due to the treatment (Your Answer)
D. Importance of the results to the benefit of an individual
Correct
Q.23)
What is the term often associated with the random variability introduced into every study as a function of the group of subjects participating, as well as many other unforeseen factors?
A. Systematic error
B. Non-normality
C. Biased sampling
D. Chance (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.24)
Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-written research hypothesis?
A. Asks a pertinent question
B. Based on researcher’s instinct
C. Should be long and detailed
D. Is testable (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.25)
Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?
A. Personal experience
B. Getting an idea from your advisor
C. looking for the next step in the research process
D. All of the above (Your Answer)
Correct
Q.26)
Which source should NOT be cited in a formal academic literature review?
A. Newsweek (Your Answer)
B. Review of Educational Research
C. Handbook of Child Psychology
D. Journal of Educational Finance