35. Text „Canada“ Kanada

35.Text „Canada“

The capital of Canada is Ottawa. It is a member of the United Nations and NATO, as well as the United States, and has a Free Trade Agreement. United Kingdom Dominion. In 1931, sovereign rights were granted. However, independence was not declared. The country is governed by a Governor-General appointed by the King (or Queen) of the United Kingdom. The population is 38.3 million. person (2021)

Canada is a British-led Commonwealth of Independent States. The current Constitution came into force on April 17, 1982. The head of state is the King (Queen) of Great Britain, on whose behalf the Governor-General rules the country. The Queen appoints the Governor-General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada, usually for a term of 5 years. Legislative power is exercised on behalf of the Queen by the Governor-General and a bicameral parliament (Senate and House of Commons). Executive power is exercised on behalf of the Queen by a government consisting of the Governor-General and the Prime Minister and Ministers (Prime Minister Jean Chretien since 1993).

The western part of Canada is mountainous, the eastern part is flat, the northern and part northeastern coasts are flat, the eastern coasts are steep, and the western coast is very high. The central part of the continent and the confluence of the Canadian Arctic archipelago with the mainland are flat and plateau. The area around the Hudson Bay is flat. There are Laurentian Ridges, Central Plains, Great Plains. The Cordillera Mountains are located on the western edge of Canada, and the Appalachian Mountains on the southeast. There are deposits of uranium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, gold and silver, coal, oil and natural gas.

The climate is arctic and subarctic in most parts of Canada, temperate in the south, mostly continental. The average January temperature is -30 °, -35 ° in the north, -18 °, -20 ° in the south, July is 4-7 ° in the north and 16-18 ° in the south. Annual precipitation is more than 2,500 mm on the west coast, up to 1,250 mm on the east coast, 400–250 mm in the central regions, and less than 150 mm in the north.
In Canada, many rivers are formed mainly by snow and rain. San Lavrentiy (with Great Lakes), Finnish-PisRiver-Slaves-Mackenzie (with Little Slaves, Atabasca, Big Slaves and other lakes), Bou-Saskatchewan-Nelson (with Lakes Bou, Cedar, Winnipeg, etc.) rivers and lakes. systems in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. There are more than 200 large lakes.
The far north of Canada is an arctic desert, with occasional lichens and other grasses. To the south is the tundra, followed by the forest-tundra zone. In the podzol and swampy soils grow white and spruce, American spruce. The podzol and brown forest soils on the southeastern edge have coniferous and broad-leaved trees. The plains are fertile.
Canada is home to reindeer, musk ox, polar bear, polar fox, lemming, polar rabbit, sparrow, owl, salmon, bison, jayra, tiger, wolf, beaver and other animals. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish. There are national parks: Banff, Wood Buffalo, Glacier, Jasper, Joho and others, as well as regional parks.
One-third of the population is Anglo-Canadian (44%) and French-Canadian (28%). Indigenous peoples - 533 thousand Indians and almost 33 thousand Eskimos. Germans, Ukrainians, Italians, Dutch, Hungarians, Russians and others also live in Canada. The total population as of 2021 is 38.5 million. The official languages ​​are English and French. The French-Canadians are Catholic, and the majority of Anglo-Canadians are Protestants. 78.6% of the population lives in cities. Major cities: Montreal, Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Hamilton and others.