3 Part One. The Predicate

The Atomic Theory of Democritus and Dalton
The Greek philosopher Democritus (about 460-370 B.C.) who had adopted some of his ideas from earlier philosophers, stated that the Universe is composed of void (vacuum) and atoms. The atoms were considered to be everlasting and indivisible — absolutely small, so small that their size could not be diminished. The atoms of different substances, such as water and iron, were considered by him to be fundamentally the same, but to differ in some superficial way; atoms of water, being smooth and round, could roll over one another, whereas atoms of iron, being rough and jagged, would cling together to form a solid body. The atomic theory of Democritus was pure speculation, and was much too general to be useful. Dalton’s atomic theory, however, was a hypothesis that explained many facts in a simple and reasonable way.

Dalton stated the hypothesis that elements consist of atoms, all of the atoms of one element being identical*, and that compounds result from the combination of atoms of two or more elements, cach in definite number. In this way, he could give a simple explanation of the law of conservation of mass and o f the law of constant proportions.

Mashq 3. Matnning asosiy tarkibini bir nechta jumlalarda ko'rsating.

Mashq 4. Matnning rejasini tuzing.

Mashq 5. Jumlalarni o'qing va matn tarkibiga mos kelishini ayting. Agar yo'q bo'lsa, ularni tuzating.

1. The Greek philosopher Democritus was the first who stated that matter is composed of atoms. 2. The atoms were considered to be small indivisible particles. 3. The atoms of different substances were considered by Democritus to be different. 4. The atomic theory of Democritus was not useful because it was too general. 5. Dalton stated that all of the atoms of one element were the same. 6. Dalton could not explain the law of conservation of mass.

Mashq 6. Demokritning atomlarni qanday tasavvur qilganligini tasvirlaydigan matnli jumlalarni toping va ularni o’zbek tiliga tarjima qiling.

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