2-mavzu. Kimyo fanining asosiy qonunlari

Mavzularning qisqacha mazmuni

Atomlar moddalarning asosiy struktura birligi bo’lib, ko’zga ko’rinmas mayda zarrachalar sifatida mavjud bo’ladilar va sharoit yaratilganda o’zga elementlar bilan birika oladilar. Atomlar yadro­dan tashkil topadilar, bular o’z navbatida proton va neytronlardan hamda ular atrofida harakatlanuvchi elektronlarni o’z ichiga oladi­lar. Elementlarni ularning atom nomeri (yadrodagi protonlar soni) bilan klassifikasiyalash mumkin. Atomning massa soni uning yadrosi­dagi protonlar va neytronlar soni yig’indisidan tashkil topadi.
Atomlar bir-birlari bilan birikib molekulani hosil qiladi­lar. Bundan tashqari atomlar o’zlaridan elektron uzatib yoki ularni biriktirib olib ionlar deb ataluvchi zaryadlangan zarralarga aylana oladilar.

Qaytarish uchun savollar

1. 
   Kimyo fani rivojlanishiga hissa qo’shgan olimlar to’g’risida qanday ma’lumotlarni bilasiz?
   
2. 
   Kimyo fanini o’rganishda qanday tushinchalar va o’lchov birliklari qo’llaniladi?
   
3. 
   Noorganik birikmalar qanday sinflarga bo’linadi va nomeklaturasi haqida nimalarni bilasiz?
   
4. 
   Qanday stexnometrik qonunlarni bilasiz?
   
5. 
   Ekvivalentlar qonunini qanday tatbiq qilish mumkin?
   
6. 
   Avagadro qonuni va undan qanday xulosalar kelib chiqadi?
   
7. 
   Atom qanday tuzilgan?
   
8. 
   Kvant nazariyasi nima?
   
9. 
   Atomlarda xarakatlanayotgan elektronlarning energiyasini o’zgarishini qanday tushuntirish mumkin?
   
10. 
    Atomlarda elektronlarning taqsimlanishini qaysi qoidalar bilan tushuntirish mumkin?
    

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