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He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish.
Чол қайиқда ѐлғиз ўзи Гольфстримда балиқ овларди. Денгизга чиқаѐтганига мана саксон тўрт кун ҳам тўлди, аммо ҳали биронта балиқ тутганича йўқ. [34, 34]
We know that a figurative language has several types (simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, metonymy (and synecdoche), symbol, allegory, paradox, overstatement, understatement, verbal irony, dramatic irony, irony of situation) and it simplifies the literary translator‘s job, and at last reduces the target reader‘s effort to understand the meaning. For example:
But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosion in a fishless desert.
Аммо бу излар ичида янгиси йўқ, ҳаммаси ҳам узоқ сувсизликдан қақраб ѐтган биѐбон дарзлари сингари кўҳна эди. [34, 65]
The following sentence consists of simile and if the Russian translator translated it word-for-word, he would make a mistake because the reader couldn‘t understand the translation, the reference to erosion in a fishless desert is a metaphor that capitalized on both Santiago‘s age and his profession. Santiago is old, and the scars and wrinkles in his face and hands are the result of a long association with the sea. Erosion is usually a result of water, while desert sands can erode from wind, this more likely refers to the old oceans that used to cover many deserts, and the eroded bedrock underneath the sands. Those erosions have been there since there were fish in the desert: a very long time ago. Similarly, Santiago‘s erosions started when he was young, and are now as old as the life he has spent on the water.
And the Uzbek translator used the word кўҳна, this word is a literal word, which is seldom used in the oral speech, and is translated as very old or ancient, which adds words to translation. But we couldn‘t say about the metaphor a fishless desert, which was translated into the Russian language as безводная пустыня and into Uzbek as қақраб ѐтган биѐбон. As we mentioned above, the Uzbek version of the novel was translated through the Russian variant, and when we take into consideration the fact that the metaphor безводная пустыня, it should be translated as сувсиз саҳро, and the translator did a mistake of choosing the word биѐбон instead of саҳро, a semantical mistake was made, the reason is that the word пустыня has many equivalents in the Uzbek language as чўл, дашт, саҳро, биѐбон, but we know the metaphor readymade expressions which can‘t be substituted with the other words.
He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her.
У ҳар доим денгизни, унга муҳаббат қўйган ҳамма кишилар каби хаѐлидан испанчасига la mar деб атарди. [34, 88]
The writer used here the Spanish word la mar which is translated into English the sea and what is interesting here, he compares the same words with each other, though the semantical denotation is the same, but they are given in different languages, may be that way he would like to show that the fisherman was a Spaniard. And how have the translators solved the semantical problem in translation? As we see they have left the word in Spanish and reproduced the same image in the target language. (This procedure is employed if the image has comparable frequency and similar associations in the appropriate register.)
He came like a pig to the trough if a pig had a mouth so wide that you could put your head in it. Келганда ҳам, тосини қўмсаган тўнғиздай бўлиб келди, зотан одам бошини бир йўла, паққос ямлаб ютиш учун чўчқада бундай ялмоғиз оғиз йўқ, холос. [34, 100]
The word like is a word that expresses the comparative figure of speech simile expressions. he came like is translated into Она подошла kak, he here is instead of the shark – акула. It is not strange that the gender has been changed. In the English language, the word shark is masculine, and in Russian, it is female, and in the Uzbek language is neutral. The Uzbek translator decided not to use a personal pronoun he omitted it. To select a proper equivalent to the English pronoun, a translator should clearly understand the function of the pronoun in the sentence.
Some metaphors in the novel and the translators were able to translate them. For example:
"You're my alarm clock," the boy said. - Сен мен учун нақ қўнғироқ соатнинг ўзисан,- деди бола. [34, 102]
In the above expression, the phrase you are my alarm clock ... is used to express the old man. If both are compared, the element that has the same meaning would be a person who wakes smb. up (SL) / сизни уйғатувчи кимса (TL), and distinguishing the meaning of the old man who is human (SL) / одам (TL) and alarm clock is an object driven by mechanical power. It compares two concepts alarm clock that interact with the old man it means that there are deviations, we would like to conclude that the sentence above use metaphorical figure of speech. Categorized using the literal translation method because every element of the word translated with the meaning closest to the source language, but does not deviate from the actual context.
… and I'm the towing bitt. … ўзим-ку буксир битенгига ўхшаб қоляпман.
The same as in the previous analysis, the towing bitt represents the old man, so the distinguishing meaning of the two terms is: the old man as a human being, the towing bitt as a logs floating in the water and pulled. Comparison between the two concepts the old man and the towing bitt shows that there is a mismatch of meanings. But when we look back, we understand the meaning of the sentence above because it includes the word I'm, explaining that the culprit is played by the old man, who was on the boat and towed by a fish hooked by him and both translators couldn‘t transfer the meaning of the metaphor.
From the translation it is clear that this metaphor caused difficulties in translation. It will be better to translate the following sentence in this way: Мен эса арқон боғлайдиган тўнгакка ўхшийман, because the Uzbek reader couldn‘t understand буксир битенг, though in the Uzbek language these words exist but they are used very seldom.
“Now,‟ he said. „You can let the cord go, hand, and I will handle him with the arm alone until you stop that nonsense.”
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
