2. Amaliy mashg‘ulotlari 1- jadval № Amaliy mashg‘ulotlar mavzulari

 
 
 
Market 
No matter how independent we may be in spirit, virtually none of us is 
selfsufficient. Our mutual interdependence for goods and services is a fact of 
life. We rely on others to satisfy our most basic needs. There is an incredibly 
complex division of labour and specialization in economic activities. 
Specialized firms and agencies make particular goods and services available to: 
consumers, investors and governments. 
Workers specialize in particular trades and occupations and this makes 
economic interdependence inevitable. The most common way we obtain goods 
and services is to buy them from others who specialize in producing them. To 
make such purchases, buyers seek out sellers in markets. A market is an 
arrangement through which buyers and sellers meet or communicate for the 
purpose of trading goods or services. Markets are a way in which buyers and 
sellers can conduct transactions resulting in mutual net gains that otherwise 

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wouldn't be possible. Many market transactions are conducted without buyers 
and sellers actually meeting at a particular location. For 
example, you can browse through catalogues or magazine advertisements to see 
what various sellers are offering. If you find something you like, you can order 
it by mail or telephone, without face-to-face contact with the seller. You can 
also hire an intermediary to carry out a transaction for you. The purpose of a 
market is to make information available on the goods and services sellers are 
willing to sell and buyers want to purchase. This exchange of information is the 
basis for determining prices which in turn influence the actual amount of goods 
and services exchanged. Prices are a major determinant of the choices we make 
as both buyers and sellers. Market prices play a vital role in coping with the 
problem of scarcity because they ration available amounts of goods and 
services. To analyze the way markets operate, we first must understand the 
concept of supply and demand. Supply and demand analysis explains how 
prices are established in markets through competition among buyers and sellers 
and how those prices affect quantities traded.