14-mavzu. Qurilish va arxitektura soxasida axborot xavfsizligi va axborotlarni himoyalash usullari Reja

2. Predmetning asosiy tushunchalari va maqsadi.

Axborotning muhimlik darajasi qadim zamonlardan ma’lum. Shuning uchun ham qadimda axborotni himoyalash uchun turli xil usullar qo‘llanilgan. Ulardan biri – sirli yozuvdir. Undagi xabarni xabar yuborilgan manzil egasidan boshqa shaxs o‘qiy olmagan. Asrlar davomida bu san’at – sirli yozuv jamiyatning yuqori tabaqalari, davlatning elchixona rezidentsiyalari va razvedka missiyalaridan tashqariga chiqmagan. Faqat bir necha o‘n yil oldin hamma narsa tubdan o‘zgardi, ya’ni axborot o‘z qiymatiga ega bo‘ldi va keng tarqaladigan mahsulotga aylandi. Uni endilikda ishlab chiqaradilar, saqlaydilar, uzatishadi, sotadilar va sotib oladilar. Bulardan tashqari uni o‘g‘irlaydilar, buzib talqin etadilar va soxtalashtiradilar. Shunday qilib, axborotni himoyalash zaruriyati tug‘iladi. Axborotni qayta ishlash sanoatining paydo bo‘lishi axborotni himoyalash sanoatining paydo bo‘lishiga olib keladi.

Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (e.g. electronic, physical)¹
Avtomatlashtiriltan axborot tizimlarida axborotlar o‘zining hayotiy davriga ega bo‘ladi.
Bu davr uni yaratish, undan foydalanish va kerak bo‘lmaganda yo‘qotishdan iboratdir (2-rasm).

Axborotlar hayotiy davrining har bir bosqichida ularning himoyalanganlik darajasi turlicha baholanadi.

IT security

1. 
   Discovering Computers 2016. Tools, Apps, Devices,and the Impact of Texnology. 691 pg.
   

Sometimes referred to as computer security, information technology security is information security applied to technology (most often some form of computer system). It is worthwhile to note that a computer does not necessarily mean a home desktop. A computer is any device with a processor and some memory. Such devices can range from non-networked standalone devices as simple as calculators, to networked mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. IT security specialists are almost always found in any major enterprise/establishment due to the nature and value of the data within larger businesses. They are responsible for keeping all of the technology within the company secure from malicious cyber attacks that often attempt to breach into critical private information or gain control of the internal systems.²