11-variant Speech Organs

11-variant
1. Speech Organs When we make a sound, there are certain verse of our vocal tract. They move, they block the air and they help us to produce sounds (words, sentences or languages). Simply say that, organs that produce sounds, we call them speech organs.
Oral cavity. Oral cavity is the empty space of our mouth. It helps to produce sounds like, ba pa, tha ka. The air passes through our mouth and the oral cavity helps to produce those sounds.
There are four cavities:
Nasal cavity Nasal cavity is simply the empty space in our nose. When we produce different sounds, the air passes through the nose. So, the empty space through what the air passes we call it nasal cavity. Example, maa naa.
Pharynx and Larynx. Pharynx is connected to the nasal cavity. It is behind the larynx. And the larynx is simply the parts of Adam's apple and that parts are larynx. English do not produce much sounds by using pharynx and larynx so they are very complex to understand. Basically, when air passes through the lung, the air travels the vocal tract and this pharynx and larynx sometimes wide open or sometimes they are close. Pharynx and Larynx are different from oral cavity and nasal cavity.
Articulators. Articulators are basically the organs that take part in producing sounds. Like, lips, tongue or teeth etc. There are two articulators, one is active articulators and another is passive articulators.
Active articulators. Active articulator is the muscles inside our mouth. It is movable organs which are principally the lip and the tongue (tongue tip, tongue blade, tongue front, tongue root). It takes part directly to produce sounds.
Passive articulators.There are some organs which are not muscles but bones inside our vocal tract. These bones, we call them passive articulators. And they are immovable parts which are upper teeth, hard palate, alveolar ridge, postalveolar region, soft palate and which remains motionless. Passive articulators do not move because the bones do not move.

2. Vowel sounds
Vowels are open sounds because they involve no obstruction to the flow of air from the lungs as it passes up through the windpipe (trachea), through the voice box (larynx) and out of the mouth. Other than positioning the tongue, jaws and lips there is nothing to obstruct the airflow. All vowels are produced with the vocal folds vibrating and are said to be voiced sounds.

Vowels are commonly described according to the following characteristics:

The portion of the tongue that is involved in the articulation: front, central or back.
The tongue's position relative to the palate: high, mid or low.
The shape of the lips: rounded or unrounded (spread).
The length or duration of vocalization: long or short.
A four-sided vowel chart is often used to demonstrate the front–back and high–low positions. The chart roughly represents the tongue position in the oral cavity.