1 what is intelegence

2 How do you set smart goals?
he SMART in SMART goals stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound.Defining these parameters as they pertain to your goal helps ensure that your objectives are attainable within a certain time frame. This approach eliminates generalities and guesswork, sets a clear timeline, and makes it easier to track progress and identify missed milestones.When you decide to set a goal for yourself, consider following the SMART steps to help you achieve your objectives:
Make your goal specific.
Make your goal measurable.
Make your goal achievable.
Make sure it is relevant.
Create a time-bound schedule.
3. What is summative assessment?
Summative assessments provide comprehensive insights to teachers. It shows what worked and what didn't work in the academic year. Using this information, teachers can tweak their curriculum to raise learning standards for the following year. The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Summative assessments are often high stakes, which means that they have a high point value.Summative assessment examples:
End-of-term or midterm exams.
34.2.Goals are part of every aspect of business/life and provide a sense of direction, motivation, a clear focus, and clarify importance. By setting goals, you are providing yourself with a target to aim for. A SMART goal is used to help guide goal setting. SMART is an acronym that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely. Therefore, a SMART goal incorporates all of these criteria to help focus your efforts and increase the chances of achieving your goal.
SMART goals are:

Specific: Well defined, clear, and unambiguous

Measurable: With specific criteria that measure your progress toward the accomplishment of the goal

Achievable: Attainable and not impossible to achieve

Realistic: Within reach, realistic, and relevant to your life purpose

Timely: With a clearly defined timeline, including a starting date and a target date. The purpose is to create urgency.

34.1.Typically information presentations are divided into two distinct categories - reporting and explaining. Information presentations include talks, seminars, proposals, workshops, conferences, and meetings where the presenter or presenters share their expertise, and information is exchanged. In a business format, it might be a supervisor explaining new forms, products, regulations to employees or newly hired sales clerks may attend a presentation on selling techniques or loss prevention.
Information presentation is the simplest one so the requirements to such presentation are minimal: it is to contain the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. The introduction consists of the greeting, the topic and probably the target of the speech, the name of the speaker and the organization presented by him. This part of a speech is often accompanied or changed by the visual components. The key point of the main part of information presentation is logic of speech and preferable speech segmentation. The conclusion is to be extremely short: the resume of the above mentioned and gratitude for the attention. Mastering the skills of professional speech can be started with information presentation.
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1.Factors that effect decision making?
Every day , people have countless decisions, big and little. Understanding how people reach
their choices is a neighborhood of cognitive psychology that has received attention. Theories
are generated to explain how people make decisions, and what sorts of factors influence
deciding within the present and future. Also, heuristics are researched to know the
decision-making process.
Several factors such as previous experience (Juliusson, Karlsson, & Gӓrling, 2005),
cognitive biases (Stanovich & West, 2008), age and individual differences (Bruin, Parker , &
Fischoff, 2007), belief in personal relevance (Acevedo, & Krueger , 2004), and an escalation
of commitment, influence what people decide. Understanding the factors that influence the
decision-making process is vital for understanding what decisions are made. That is, the
factors that influence the method may impact the outcomes.
Heuristics function as a framework during which satisfactory decisions are made quickly and
with ease (Shah & Oppenheimer , 2008). Many types of heuristics are developed to explain
the decision-making process; essentially , individuals work to reduce the effort they have to
expend the choice of making decisions, and heuristics provides an easy guide to follow, in
other words, it helps to reduce the effort they must disburse. T ogether , heuristics and factors
influencing decision making, are a strong aspect of critical thinking (West, T oplak, &
Stanovich, 2008). There are indications that this can be taught, which benefits those learning
how to make appropriate and the best decisions in various situations (Nokes &Hacker ,
2007).
People make decisions about many things, from political decisions, personal decisions,
including medical choices, romantic decisions to career decisions, and financial decisions,
which may also include some of the other kinds of decisions and judgments. Quite often, the
decision-making process is fairly specific to the decision being made. Some choices are
simple and seem straight forward, while others are complex and require a multi-step
approach to making the decisions.
The present article will address decision making, in the context of types of decisions people
make, factors that influence decision making, several heuristics commonly researched and
utilised in the process of decision making. Furthermore, we will explore what happens after
the decision is made, as well as how present decisions impact future behaviour and decision
making.
Factors that Influence Decision Making
Several important factors influence decision making. Significant factors include past
experiences, a variety of cognitive biases, an escalation of commitment and sunk outcomes,
individual differences, including age and socioeconomic status, and a belief in personal
relevance. These things all impact the decision-making process and the decisions made.
Juliusson, Karlsson, and Garling (2005) indicated past decisions influence the decisions
people make in the future. Indeed, when something positive results from a decision, people
are more likely to decide similarly , given a similar situation. On the other hand, people tend
to avoid repeating past mistakes (Sagi, & Friedland, 2007). This is significant to the extent
that future decisions made based on past experiences are not necessarily the best
decisions. In financial decision-making, highly successful people do not make investment
decisions based on past sunk outcomes, rather by examining choices with no regard for past
experiences; this approach conflicts with what one may expect (Juliusson et al., 2005).
In addition to past experiences, several cognitive biases influence decision making.
Cognitive biases are thinking patterns based on observations and generalisations that may
lead to memory errors, inaccurate judgments, and faulty logic (Evans, Barston, & Pollard,
1983; West, T oplak, & Stanovich, 2008). Cognitive biases include, but are not limited to
belief bias, the over-dependence on prior knowledge in arriving at decisions; hindsight bias,
people tend to readily explain an event as inevitable, once it has happened; omission bias,
generally , people have a propensity to omit information perceived as risky; and confirmation
bias, in which people observe what they expect in observations (Marsh, & Hanlon, 2007;
Nestler . & von Collani, 2008; Stanovich & West, 2008; see also West et al., 2008).
In decision making, cognitive biases influence people making them over-rely or lend more
credence to expected observations and previous knowledge while missing relevant
information or observations, and without looking at the bigger picture. While this influence
may lead to poor decisions sometimes, the cognitive biases enable individuals to make
efficient decisions with the assistance of the heuristic.
2.What is smart goal?
Goals are part of every aspect of business/life and provide a sense of direction, motivation, a
clear focus, and clarify importance. By setting goals, you are providing yourself with a target
to aim for . A SMART goal is used to help guide goal setting. SMART is an acronym that
stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely . Therefore, a SMART goal
incorporates all of these criteria to help focus your efforts and increase the chances of
achieving your goal.
SMART goals are:
Specific: Well defined, clear , and unambiguous
Measurable: With specific criteria that measure your progress toward the accomplishment of
the goal
Achievable: Attainable and not impossible to achieve
Realistic: Within reach, realistic, and relevant to your life purpose
Timely: With a clearly defined timeline, including a starting date and a target date. The
purpose is to create urgency .
3.T alk about motivational presentation
A motivational speech is a public speech intended to inspire an audience to make a change
in their lives. It usually has a clear purpose, a personal story written for a specific audience
and a conclusion that includes a call to action. Motivational speeches have multiple uses,
including improving personal development, inspiring people to take action in a cause, giving
a new perspective, reducing apprehension, building confidence and improving work
performance. If done effectively , a motivational speech can trigger an audience to seriously
consider ways they can change parts of their lives to make improvements for themselves or
society .
Before writing your speech, determine the purpose of your speech. Y our purpose defines the
rest of the speech and you can reflect on it at different points throughout. Once you've
chosen a theme, you can write the rest of your speech around that singular message. Some
common themes include:
The benefit of working smarter , not harder
The importance of having a positive mindset
The secret of turning dreams into reality .
The value of overcoming stress at work.
It's helpful to know and understand the audience for whom you plan to give your speech.
Consider researching your audience demographics, such as their age and level of
education. Writing for the right audience can help you make a stronger connection with them
and they may be more likely to empathize with your purpose
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1.How do you get the right recources?
In today’s environment, companies are under increasing pressure to deliver innovative,
technologically advanced products and services with shrinking budgets. As a result,
resources must be fully utilized and focused on the highest priorities at any given time. Of
course the term resources can refer to a number of different types of assets, but here we’re
focused on the most important type, your people.
Unfortunately , ineffective or suboptimal resource management will certainly lead to negative
consequences such as poor productivity , delays, decreased quality , increased costs, missed
opportunities, and low morale.
We should also mention that a part of the resource management challenge involves the
various methodologies that disparate teams employ including milestone-driven, iterative, and
collaborative methodologies. All have benefits when applied to the appropriate type of work,
but each has its own nuances complicating the resource management process.
By combining disparate methodologies across a range of organizational maturities,
companies find that there is no singular answer to these challenges.
2.T alk about motivational presentation.
A motivational speech is a public speech intended to inspire an audience to make a change
in their lives. It usually has a clear purpose, a personal story written for a specific audience
and a conclusion that includes a call to action. Motivational speeches have multiple uses,
including improving personal development, inspiring people to take action in a cause, giving
a new perspective, reducing apprehension, building confidence and improving work
performance. If done effectively , a motivational speech can trigger an audience to seriously
consider ways they can change parts of their lives to make improvements for themselves or
society .
Before writing your speech, determine the purpose of your speech. Y our purpose defines the
rest of the speech and you can reflect on it at different points throughout. Once you've
chosen a theme, you can write the rest of your speech around that singular message. Some
common themes include:
The benefit of working smarter , not harder
The importance of having a positive mindset
The secret of turning dreams into reality .
The value of overcoming stress at work.
It's helpful to know and understand the audience for whom you plan to give your speech.
Consider researching your audience demographics, such as their age and level of
education. Writing for the right audience can help you make a stronger connection with them
and they may be more likely to empathize with your purpose.
3.What are the online tools for presentation?
At some point or another , most of us need to create a slideshow. Maybe you're running a
small business, and now you need to give a sales presentation. Or maybe you're a student
and your assignment is to create a slideshow. Either way , you probably don't have much to
spend on a presentation software tool.
When choosing an online presentation software tool keep in mind your future needs. If you're
running a business that's likely to grow, consider starting with the free version of a
presentation software tool with a premium version that's got features you may need as your
business grows.
Why Premium T emplates Help Y ou Create Powerful Online Presentations in 2020
If you're new to creating slideshows and your budget is limited, think about design. Whether
you're a business owner or a student, you want your presentation to look professional so that
you make a good impression.
If you're not a designer yourself, you may struggle to create an attractive, eye-catching
design for your presentation. Thankfully , templates are available for many presentation tools
at a fraction of what it would cost to hire a professional designer .
38-ticket
1.How do you avoid plagiarism?
Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas without properly crediting the
original author . Sometimes plagiarism involves deliberately stealing someone’s work, but
more often it happens accidentally , through carelessness or forgetfulness.
When you write an academic paper , you build upon the work of others and use various
credible sources for information and evidence. T o avoid plagiarism, you need to correctly
incorporate these sources into your text.
Y ou can avoid plagiarism by:
1.Keeping track of the sources you consult in your research
2.Paraphrasing or quoting from your sources (and adding your own ideas)
3.Crediting the original author in an in-text citation and in your reference list
4.Using a plagiarism checker before you submit.
One of the most common ways that students commit plagiarism is by simply forgetting where
an idea came from and unintentionally presenting it as their own. Y ou can easily avoid this
pitfall by keeping your notes organized and compiling a list of citations as you go.
Clearly label which thoughts are yours and which aren’t in your notes, highlight statements
that need citations, and carefully mark any text copied directly from a source with quotation
marks.
2.What is personalized learning?
Kids learn in different ways and at different paces. Personalized learning is a teaching model
based on that premise. Each student gets a “learning plan” based on how they learn, what
they know, and what their skills and interests are. It’s the opposite of the “one size fits all”
approach used in most schools.
Students work with their teachers to set both short-term and long-term goals. This process
helps students take ownership of their learning.
T eachers make sure learning plans or project-based learning match up with academic
standards. And they check to see if students are demonstrating the skills they’re expected to
learn as they progress through their education.
But accommodations, supports, and accessible learning strategies need to be essential
parts of personalized learning. If done well, all students will be more engaged in their
learning. And struggling students will get help sooner . If not done well, students with
disabilities could fall further behind.
No two schools using personalized learning will look exactly the same. But here are four
widely used models that schools follow. Each of these models sets high expectations for all
students and aligns their learning to a set of rigorous standards.
1. Schools that use learner profiles. This type of school keeps an up-to-date record that
provides a deep understanding of each student’s individual strengths, needs, motivations,
progress and goals. These profiles are updated far more often than a standard report card.
And these detailed updates help teachers make decisions to positively impact student
learning.
A learner profile also helps students keep track of their own progress. It gives the teacher ,
the student and, in many schools, the parent a way to know if they need to change a
learning method or make changes to goals — before the student does poorly or fails.
2. Schools that use personalized learning paths. This type of school helps each student
customize a learning path that responds or adapts based on progress, motivations, and
goals. For instance, a school might create a student’s schedule based on weekly updates
about academic progress and interests.
Each student’s schedule is unique. But it’s likely to include several learning methods. (These
are often called modalities.) The mix might include project-based learning with a small group
of peers, independent work on certain skills or complex tasks, and one-on-one tutoring with
a teacher .
3.What is body language?
Body language is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to
words, are used to express or convey information. Such behavior includes facial
expressions, body posture, gestures, eye movement, touch and the use of space. The term
body language is usually applied in regard to people but may also be applied to animals.[1]
The study of body language is also known as kinesics
Although body language is an important part of communication, most of it happens without
conscious awareness.
Body "language" must not be confused with sign language. Sign languages are literally
languages: they have (their own) complex grammar systems, and they also are able to
exhibit the fundamental properties that are considered to exist in all (true) languages.[3][4]
Body language, on the other hand, does not have a grammar system and must be
interpreted broadly , instead of having an absolute meaning corresponding with a certain
movement, so it is not a language, and is simply termed as a "language" due to popular
culture.
In a society , there are agreed-upon interpretations of particular behavior . Interpretations may
vary from country to country , or culture to culture. (On this note, there also is controversy on
whether body language is universal.) Body language, a subset of nonverbal communication,
complements verbal communication in social interaction. In fact, some researchers conclude
that nonverbal communication accounts for the majority of information transmitted during
interpersonal interactions.
39-ticket
1.Why do you need drafting to avoid plagiarism?
Avoiding Plagiarism
The best way to avoid plagiarism is to understand what it is. Then we must avoid committing
either accidental or intentional plagiarism. Before defining plagiarism, however , we define
three other terms—quotation, paraphrase, and summary .
Quotation: A quotation must use the exact words of the source or ellipses if we omit any . If
the quotation is relatively short (e.g., fewer than 3 lines or 40 words), those words must be
enclosed in quotation marks. For instance,
As Steven Strang points out, “Contrary to some popular notions, most writers do not have
full-blown ideas popping out of their heads like Athena” (48).
Notice that the quotation is introduced (“As Steven Strang points out”), the exact words are
enclosed in quotation marks, and the page number appears (here, using the MLA style).
The end of the paper would include a bibliographical entry giving the author , the title of the
source, the publisher , date of publication, etc.)
Longer quotations appear in block form (see the quotations from Ed White and John Edlund
later in this entry).
Paraphrase: T o paraphrase is to put the ideas in a passage into our own words, usually
following the order of the ideas in the original. All major ideas are included. A paraphrase is
often shorter than the original; a paraphrase that defines terms or concepts might actually be
longer . Any paraphrase requires the same kind of citation as an exact quotation.
2.Speak about decision-making presentation?
We tend to collect data that we find relevant to our ideas and focus our arguments as if we
are addressing an audience that has the same interests as ours.
The information could be extremely interesting and valuable to our peers but the delivery of
the material was not rehearsed to address the interests of the decision makers in our
audience. This is why great ideas stay in the drawer for years if their delivery is not tailor
made to address the style of those who can adopt the idea and put it into action.
A good presentation is the one that does not only have great content and highlights the
benefits of implementing a certain strategy . A good presentation is the one that is
customized to highlight the points that are most interesting to the decision makers in the
audience.
Great presenters and public speakers take Stephen R. Covey's second habit "Begin with the
end in mind" very dearly to improve their chances of success. A thorough review of the
attendees and their style of decision making gives a great advantage to the presenter even if
he had all the facts and figures already in his presentation but the information is not
highlighting the decision maker's points of interest.
Decision makers are not all the same and they developed their characters through years of
experience.
It all depends on collective previous decisions that worked for them in the past and
contributed to their success versus decisions that went wrong and were faced with failure.
That is why , some decision makers love numbers and deep data mining where others follow
their gut feeling about the overall strategy and team handling the work.
3.What are the online tools for presentation?
At some point or another , most of us need to create a slideshow. Maybe you're running a
small business, and now you need to give a sales presentation. Or maybe you're a student
and your assignment is to create a slideshow. Either way , you probably don't have much to
spend on a presentation software tool.
When choosing an online presentation software tool keep in mind your future needs. If you're
running a business that's likely to grow, consider starting with the free version of a
presentation software tool with a premium version that's got features you may need as your
business grows.
Why Premium T emplates Help Y ou Create Powerful Online Presentations in 2020
If you're new to creating slideshows and your budget is limited, think about design. Whether
you're a business owner or a student, you want your presentation to look professional so that
you make a good impression.
If you're not a designer yourself, you may struggle to create an attractive, eye-catching
design for your presentation. Thankfully , templates are available for many presentation tools
at a fraction of what it would cost to hire a professional designer .
40-ticket
1.what types of the plagiarism do you know?
There are different types of plagiarism and all are serious violations of academic honesty .
We have defined the most common types below and have provided links to examples.
Direct Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s work,
without attribution and without quotation marks. The deliberate plagiarism of someone else's
work is unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds for disciplinary actions, including
expulsion. [See examples.]
Self Plagiarism
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or mixes parts
of previous works, without permission from all professors involved. For example, it would be
unacceptable to incorporate part of a term paper you wrote in high school into a paper
assigned in a college course. Self-plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece of
work for assignments in different classes without previous permission from both professors.
Mosaic Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without using
quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author ’s language while keeping to the same
general structure and meaning of the original. Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of
paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is academically dishonest and punishable – even if
you footnote your source! [See examples.]
Accidental Plagiarism
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their
sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words,
and/or sentence structure without attribution. (See example for mosaic plagiarism.) Students
must learn how to cite their sources and to take careful and accurate notes when doing
research. (See the Note-T aking section on the Avoiding Plagiarism page.) Lack of intent
does not absolve the student of responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental plagiarism
are taken as seriously as any other plagiarism and are subject to the same range of
consequences as other types of plagiarism.
2.How should you organize presentation?
Until now, you have interacted with your audience of readers indirectly , on the page. Y ou
have tried to anticipate their reactions and questions as all good writers do. Anticipating the
audience’s needs can be tough, especially when you are sitting alone in front of your
computer .
When you give a presentation, you connect directly with your audience. For most people,
making a presentation is both exciting and stressful. The excitement comes from engaging in
a two-way interaction about your ideas. The stress comes from the pressure of presenting
your ideas without having a delete button to undo mistakes. Outside the classroom, you may
be asked to give a presentation, often at the last minute, and the show must go on.
Presentations can be stressful, but planning and preparation, when the time and opportunity
are available, can make all the difference.
This chapter covers how to plan and deliver an effective, engaging presentation. By planning
carefully , applying some time-honored presentation strategies, and practicing, you can make
sure that your presentation comes across as confident, knowledgeable, and interesting—and
that your audience actually learns from it. The specific tasks involved in creating a
presentation may vary slightly depending on your purpose and your assignment. However ,
these are the general steps.
3.What is smart goal?
Goals are part of every aspect of business/life and provide a sense of direction, motivation, a
clear focus, and clarify importance. By setting goals, you are providing yourself with a target
to aim for . A SMART goal is used to help guide goal setting. SMART is an acronym that
stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely . Therefore, a SMART goal
incorporates all of these criteria to help focus your efforts and increase the chances of
achieving your goal.
SMART goals are:
Specific: Well defined, clear , and unambiguous
Measurable: With specific criteria that measure your progress toward the accomplishment of
the goal
Achievable: Attainable and not impossible to achieve
Realistic: Within reach, realistic, and relevant to your life purpose
Timely: With a clearly defined timeline, including a starting date and a target date. The
purpose is to create urgency
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What types of the plagarism do you know?

Main Content

The Common Types of Plagiarism
There are different types of plagiarism and all are serious violations of academic honesty. We have defined the most common types below and have provided links to examples.
Direct Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s work, without attribution and without quotation marks. The deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work is unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds for disciplinary actions, including expulsion. [See examples.]

Self Plagiarism

Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors involved. For example, it would be unacceptable to incorporate part of a term paper you wrote in high school into a paper assigned in a college course. Self-plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece of work for assignments in different classes without previous permission from both professors.

Mosaic Plagiarism

Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original. Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is academically dishonest and punishable – even if you footnote your source! [See examples.]

Accidental Plagiarism

Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without attribution. (See example for mosaic plagiarism.) Students must learn how to cite their sources and to take careful and accurate notes when doing research. (See the Note-Taking section on the Avoiding Plagiarism page.) Lack of intent does not absolve the student of responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental plagiarism are taken as seriously as any other plagiarism and are subject to the same range of consequences as other types of plagiarism.
2.How should you organize presentation?
How to Organize a Presentation
Follow the steps below to learn how to organize a presentation:

1. Develop an outline for your key points.

Think about three or four key points you want to share with the audience and organize them into a concise outline. Any points that are too lengthy or too complicated should be simplified, condensed, reworded for clarity, or even eliminated altogether if you determine that they do not effectively help accomplish your goal. Provide information that supports your topic, including relevant facts, research data, survey results, or statistics. Think about the visual elements you can use to enhance your message, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, illustrations, photos, and infographics.

2. Decide on the right structure for your presentation.

There are several ways to structure your presentation based on your goals, including:

Chronological – recounting an event from the beginning to end or explaining the steps of a process

Spatial – describing the physical composition or structure of an item based on space, such as top to bottom, or left to right
Categorical – dividing one broad topic into smaller sub-categories and discussing how each of them fits into the main topic
Analytical – breaking a concept down into logical components and analyzing how they relate to one another to produce the intended effect
Compare and Contrast – highlighting similarities and differences between two items, events, or situations
Cause and Effect – demonstrating the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables in which one has a specific impact on the other
Problem and Solution – discussing an important problem relevant to your audience and offering a reasonable solution to solve this problem
3what is smart goal
up a realistic end date can create a sense of urgency, which can be beneficial in achieving the goal.

When setting up a time frame for a goal, the following questions should be answered:

When will the goal be achieved?
What can be done six months from now?
What can be achieved six weeks from now?
What can be accomplished today?
SMART goals examples
Each element of the SMART framework plays a vital role in defining objectives to mapping out a clear plan for achieving those objectives.

The following are a few practical applications and examples of SMART goals:

Specific SMART goals
Signing five new clients in the next 60 days.
Increasing web traffic to the company's homepage by 20% in the next 60 days.
Closing $10,000 in sales by the end of the quarter.
Measurable SMART goals
Exercising for 30 minutes every day for the next seven days.
Increasing LinkedIn followers by 30% in the third quarter.
Aiming to walk one mile, three times a week.
Achievable SMART goals
Strength training for one hour, three times per week.
Increasing newsletter sign-ups by 10% month over month.
Writing 3,000 words per week.
Relevant SMART goals
Increasing 401(k) contribution by 1% after each raise.
Walking outside for at least 20 minutes every weekend.
Creating and testing two versions of the email before sending out the email blast.
Time-bound SMART goals
Growing the number of monthly users for the mobile app to 1,000 by the end of four months.
Interviewing shortlisted candidates before the end of the month.
Writing three technical articles by the end of the week.

41. 1 What Is A Paraphrase?

• In the most simple terms, paraphrasing is altering the wording used by someone else into your own words. The way that this is achieved is by rewriting the text with completely different words and phrases whilst keeping the original meaning intact. It is vital that when you paraphrase anything the original meaning is kept, and the key points are still acknowledged.

• Some people may choose to quote the words of others within their speaking or writing and this is done by using the exact same words as the original speaker or writer and placing quotation marks around them to highlight that they were said by someone else. With a paraphrase, you are changing what was said in the original text.

Why Do People Paraphrase?

Being able to paraphrase a piece of text can show the author has a very clear understanding of the original

41.2 1. Reading/Writing Projects
Students read, comprehend and interpret specific books, novels, plays,
poems, etc., often around themes. Sometimes books are assigned, while at other
times students select their own books. Through reading/writing projects, students
demonstrate comprehension, understanding, and ability to interpret the text.
Reading/writing projects often include class discussions around dilemmas
inherent in the reading and/or writing general reactions, interpretive essays,
poems, stories and plays based on the material read.
Examples:
A fourth-grade teacher develops a monthly project around a different
literary genre. Each month the teacher selects a different type of literature, such
as biography, fiction, or mystery. Students choose a book and an author that
approved by the teacher. They then discuss the key features of the studied genre
(e.g. what makes for a good biography?), write a summary that demonstrates
their understanding of the key ideas in the book they read, and write their general
reaction to the book.2. Information-Data Organizing Projects
The goal of information-data organizing projects is for teachers to have
students collect, sort and summarize information and data around a topic,
question, theme or unit from multiple sources, such as textbooks, fiction, and
non-fiction texts. Students might synthesize articles and other readings around a
topic of interest, analyze surveys and interviews designed to explore key
questions or find ways to put information into a variety of formats, including
graphs and charts. Sometimes information is represented in other formats, such
as through artwork, crafts, and music. Information-data-organizing project
approaches are useful when students are studying a particular topic or question
since this type of project helps students learn how to use multiple resources
instead of solely using a textbook.
113Examples:
Typical information-data organizing projects include classifying
information from textbooks and other resources into charts and graphs,
conducting a survey and summarizing the data, or developing decision-making
trees from multiple resources. For example, students study how technology is
used around the world. They find and read articles, collect data, and develop
charts and graphs to illustrate and share how technology is used in different
countries.
3. Major Investigation Projects
Major investigation projects enable students to create their own questions
around a topic, collect, organize, and evaluate information, draw conclusions and
share results through presentations and explanations. Students may demonstrate
the results of their investigations through different types of products and
experiences, including the writing of a paper, the development of artwork, oral
presentations, audio and videotape productions, photographic essays,
simulations, or plays.
Sometimes students select their own topics for research projects based on
their interests, while at other times research projects are focused around specific
academic topics being studied in class. In some senior project formats, students
are free to select any topic of interest for an investigation project.
Scientific experiments are a sub-category of investigative research
projects, in which students create questions around a scientific concern or issue,
develop hypotheses, conduct design experiments, test a hypothesis, and
formulate results.
While major investigation projects are often considered long-term
activities, some investigation projects can be conducted over relatively short
periods of time when adequate amounts of time are devoted to them each day.
Examples:
Typical investigative research projects ask students to pick a topic relatedto the class subject, such as a topic of interest around American history. Students
then are able to do research around their topic, find, read and summarize
information and data, draw conclusions, write papers, present and share results. 4. Design Projects
Students invent products and objects, design technology, or design artwork
or models, for example, students might be asked to use scientific principles to
design an object that will descend from a specific height at the slowest speed, to
design artwork using artistic principles, or to design a house using the latest
technological software.
Example:
Sixth-grade students research and design a dream house, including floor
plans, a description of the interior of the houses, materials to be used to build the
house. Students also create a model of their homes and a cost analysis for the
interior of at least one room in the house. Students also are required to make a
presentation summarizing the results of their work.*
5. Problem Solving/Decision Making Projects
Students solve problems and make decisions by being given or creating
specific situations and complex problems. Problem situations around topics such
as pollution, world events, health care, poverty, and economic issues are
interesting and exciting areas of study and provide students with opportunities to
learn about current and future complex issues and problems and to use creative
problem-solving processes. Complex mathematical problems are another source
of problem-solving projects. Decision- making projects through simulations of
both historical and present-day decisions are worthwhile projects.
Examples:
Students are asked to select a global problem, such as lack of food, water
issues, energy problems, or medical issues. They then are asked to problem solve
and come up with some models or examples of a potential solution to the
problem.
Young children are asked to develop a set of classroom rules to live by.
6. “Argumentation” Projects
After considerable research and discussion about an issue or dilemma,
students write a persuasive essay or position paper giving their point of view,
reasons, and evidence to support this point of view. Some argumentation projects
are built around debates or simulations. Examples:
Students research information on both sides of an issue with societal
impact (the issue might be current or historical). Each student then develops a
coherent argument on one side or the other, and then gives a demonstration,
using any format (oral, written media presentation) to forecast the positive and
negative consequences for society of their position.
After studying the development of the Constitution, students simulate a
Constitutional Convention. They take on the roles of different representatives to
the Convention, argue for their State’s position, and develop their own version of
the Constitution.
7. Real World, Authentic Projects
These provide students with the opportunity of conducting projects with
direct links and potential payoffs either to themselves or to the outside world.
Projects which lead to personal improvement, community involvement, and
service, multicultural explorations in real-world settings, an understanding of
careers and career options, cooperative work experience, internships, and a focus
on health issues produce direct payoffs for students in a changing world.
Examples:
In health class, students design a plan for healthful living and physical
fitness. They create a plan for a living style that will provide them with health
and physical well-being. They need to include a model healthful weekly menu
tailored to their needs and tastes and discuss why it is healthful. They also
develop a realistic weekly exercise plan to follow.
42. 2 The Reading and Writing Project
Project staff and teachers become co-researchers, observing what children do in writing and reading, theorizing about what their behaviors mean, and planning teaching moves to help them learn.

42.3 Rational-thinking. Rational thinking is a process in managerial decision making that helps us to make sound decisions. ...

Process. Many people view decision making as a cold, rational process. ...
Selective. ...
Purposive. ...
Positive. ...
Commitment. ...
Evaluation. ...
Establishing Objectives.1. Process-oriented
Decision-making consists of a process to choose the best solution to a problem
among available alternatives. The process includes identifying and analyzing
problems, collecting different facts and figures, finding different solutions, and,
finally, narrowing down and implementing the best one to meet organizational
goals.
2. Demands creativity and Intellectual mind
Decision-making process requires creativity and logical thinking. It demands a lot
of mental exercise and other components, i.e. education, experience level,
intelligence, etc.
3. Demonstrates commitment
Decision-making process ensures better results based on the decisions made. So, it
indicates the commitment of desired results. It requires joint efforts of the team.
4. Ensures the best solution
Decision-making also provides the best solution to any problem as the best
solution is decided after evaluating different available alternatives.
5. Impacts of decision-making
Decision-making can be either positive or negative. A positive or right decision
can bring positive results and negative or wrong decisions can bring negative
results.
96. Decision-making is a final process
After disbursing different activities and tasks, decision-making takes place to get
the results of the work done. It is the end result of discussions, comparisons, etc.
7. An ongoing and changing process
Organizations take decisions on a regular basis; so, decision-making is a
continuous process. Every decision consists of separate situations that make
decision-making a changing proces

43.1 To paraphrase means to restate someone else's ideas in your own language at roughly the same level of detail. To summarize means to reduce the most essential points of someone else's work into a shorter form.Paraphrase Summarize

To get a specific point or example across To get the general ideas of a source across
To use a short selection from the source To use a long selection from the source
To avoid excessive quoting To introduce a source for the first timeParaphrasing and summarizing both offer a way to use someone else's idea as your own in your writing. Paraphrasing transforms the writing into your own words but keeps the same basic length and idea in writing. Summarizing condenses the writing into its main points.Paraphrasing means rephrasing text or speech in your own words, without changing its meaning. Summarizing means cutting it down to its bare essentials. You can use both techniques to clarify and simplify complex information or ideas.

43.2 Major Investigation Projects

Major investigation projects enable students to create their own questions
around a topic, collect, organize, and evaluate information, draw conclusions and
share results through presentations and explanations. Students may demonstrate
the results of their investigations through different types of products and
experiences, including the writing of a paper, the development of artwork, oral
presentations, audio and videotape productions, photographic essays,
simulations, or plays.
Sometimes students select their own topics for research projects based on
their interests, while at other times research projects are focused around specific
academic topics being studied in class. In some senior project formats, students
are free to select any topic of interest for an investigation project.
Scientific experiments are a sub-category of investigative research
projects, in which students create questions around a scientific concern or issue,
develop hypotheses, conduct design experiments, test a hypothesis, and
formulate results.
While major investigation projects are often considered long-term
activities, some investigation projects can be conducted over relatively short
periods of time when adequate amounts of time are devoted to them each day.
Examples:
Typical investigative research projects ask students to pick a topic related
to the class subject, such as a topic of interest around American history. Students
then are able to do research around their topic, find, read and summarize
information and data, draw conclusions, write papers, present and share results.
Conducting scientific research experiments are also common science
classroom activities.
Other research projects may be built around student interests. Students
select a topic of interest, develop a set of questions that help them to explore a
topic and narrow the topic down to something manageable, find, read andsummarize information and data, contact outside resources to help learn more
about the topic, draw conclusions, and make a presentation.
Some investigative projects are conducted over several days before
holidays or at the end of the school year
43.1 To paraphrase means to restate someone else's ideas in your own language at roughly the same level of detail. To summarize means to reduce the most essential points of someone else's work into a shorter form.Paraphrase Summarize
To get a specific point or example across To get the general ideas of a source across
To use a short selection from the source To use a long selection from the source
To avoid excessive quoting To introduce a source for the first timeParaphrasing and summarizing both offer a way to use someone else's idea as your own in your writing. Paraphrasing transforms the writing into your own words but keeps the same basic length and idea in writing. Summarizing condenses the writing into its main points.Paraphrasing means rephrasing text or speech in your own words, without changing its meaning. Summarizing means cutting it down to its bare essentials. You can use both techniques to clarify and simplify complex information or ideas.
43.3Importance of decision making
Our decisions affect people. Nearly every decision we make will affect different people in one way or another. It's important to be aware of the influence our decisions will have, and understand what the "human cost" will be. The decisions we make demonstrate our values.