1. Theoretical and methodological bases of materials accounting

Disclosure of informationin the reporting process
According to the Accounting Regulation 5/01 "Accounting of material and production stocks" м, material and production stocks are reflected in the accounting statements in accordance with their classification (distribution into groups) based on the method of use in the production of products, performance of works, provision of services, or for the management needs of the organization.
At «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» LLC, at the end of the reporting year, material and production inventories are reflected in the balance sheet at the cost determined based on the methods used for estimating inventory. Materialsthat have become obsolete or have completely or partially lost their original quality are recorded in the balance sheet at the end of the reporting year, net of any provision for impairmentof tangible assets. Materials that belong to the organization, but are in transit or transferred to the buyer as collateral, are accounted for in the accounting at the estimate provided for in the contract, with subsequent clarification of the actual cost.
The исследуемоyо предприятия following information is subject to disclosure in the accounting statements of the company under investigationаскрытию :

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  methods for evaluating materials by their groups (types).
  
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  about the consequences of changes in the methods of evaluating materials.
  
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  about the cost of materialspledged as collateral;
  
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  on the size and movement of reserves for reducing the cost of tangible assets.
  

3. Ways to improve the accounting of materials in «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» LLC


3.1 Strengthening traffic control and preventing theft of materials in «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» LLC

In order to control the movement of materials and prevent theft at LLC «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» checks the timeliness of registration of documents available to financially responsible employees and entries in the book or warehouse accounting cards. Find out whether there are no unaccounted-for surpluses of materials and raw materials in the warehouse, which may arise as a result of replacing raw materials in the manufacture of finished products, calculating, issuing certificates for the loss of materials during their transportation or storage in warehouses.

An important condition for preventing theft of material resources is the organization of access systemsin the territory of their storage, the correct selection of employees for positions with material responsibility, and the correct storage conditions.
In order to control the movement of materials and prevent theft at LLC Sheet available:

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  order on establishing the circle of persons who are given the right to request materials, to allow their release from the warehouse. Samples of signatures of these persons should be kept in the warehouse.
  

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  The order designates materially responsible persons (storekeepers, managers, etc.). warehouses, agreements on full individual material liability have been concluded with them;
  
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  Production andtechnical products are accepted in terms of quantity and quality, which meets the requirements of the Instructions on the procedure for accepting products in terms of Quantity and Quality.
  

If we talk about the "movement" of materials, then this concept includes the receipt, internal movement and consumsption or sale of materials to the side.
The main task of checking operations for the receipt of materials is to check the completeness and timeliness of the receipt of incoming material values.
Checking operations for the receipt of goods and services includes:

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   Compliance with the procedure and power of attorney reports
   
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   Checking the purchase of materials through accountable persons. Timely receipt, reliability of exculpatory documents.
   
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   Receipt from own production. The correctness of their assessment.
   
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   Materials on the way:
   

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  the reality of their cost;
  
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  verification of cargo losses for which no claims were made;
  
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  received, but not credited.
  

It is important to monitor the received materials in a timely manner according to the above parameters. To do this, at the company LLC «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» regularly instructs materially responsible persons involved in the acceptance of materials from suppliers in order to prevent the signing and acceptance of material values that do not correspond in their parameters to the values specified in the contract for their supply. Any deviations in the quality parameters of the accepted materials should be immediately recorded and transmitted to the legal service of the enterprise.
Violation of the procedure for recording and writing off materials leads to theft of products, as well as excess raw materials, from which then unaccounted products are made or sold without recording operations in order to appropriate the funds received.
For this purpose, the company LLC The Sheet should be checked:

1. 
   Correct classification of reserves;
   
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   Analysis of settlement and payment documents confirming the receipt of materials from suppliers;
   
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   Comparison of data of primary documents on payment of suppliers and data of documents on registration of materials, and also check of availability of correctly executed contracts on these transactions.
   
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   Correct evaluation (according to the accounting policy) of materials upon receipt or purchase.
   
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   Correct correspondence of invoices – whether there are cases when incoming materials are not credited, but are marked to other accounts (for accounting for costs, settlements, funds).
   

Special attention should be paid to setting up controls for non-invoiced deliveries. A significant role is also played by monitoring the fair presentation in accounting and balance sheets of the cost of materials in transit, that is, cargo paid for but not yet arrived by the end of the reporting year.
It should be noted that the company must comply with the rules for the protection of warehouses, in particular, at the end of the working day, seals should be applied to the external locks of ware houses impose, and before opening the room, check the condition of locks and seals.
When carrying out control over the export of material and production stocks from the warehouse, it is necessary выдавать to issue passes for the export of inventory items, which are handed over to the security officer and registered in the pass registration book, which allows you to check the completeness of their return.
Based on the results of a study of the state of the warehouse economy and the safety of inventory at the enterprise, it was established that it is necessary to conduct an inventory of the entire warehouse or individual materially responsible persons.
When controlling operations for the receipt of material and production stocks, it is necessary to check the procedure for issuing power of attorney for their receipt in force at the enterprise. At the LLC enterprise «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» this is handled by the material department, which draws up a power of attorney and issues it to the recipient against a receipt. The issue of these powers of attorney is registered in the register of issued powers of attorney and is allowed only to persons working at this enterprise. Used powers of attorney are justified by receipt documents, and unused ones are returned back to the material pool. The period for issuing power of attorney (15 days) is also observed at the inspected enterprise.
When controlling operations for the release and sale of material and production stocks, it is necessary to check the current system of release and sale of stocks at the enterprise and the procedure for documenting their registration. Inventory from the warehouse is released according to the requirements, on the basis of which the warehouse issues invoices to the buyer for the released inventory. Requirements are primary expenditure documents, and they are recorded in warehouse accounting cards. This shows how important it is to check the correctness and legality of drawing up a document. A power of attorney from the buyer's company is also required to receive materials. LLC Sheet controls the terms of issuing powers of attorney, signatures on them, and the organization's seal. Printed invoices are signed by the storekeeper, chief accountant and manager. Then, payment requirements are added to the invoice-orders and bank invoices that are required for the sales book.
Thus, for security purposes on LLC «APEAS CONSTRUCTION» of inventory items should be regularly monitored for their movement.