1. the subject of theoretical grammar its relations to other branches of linguistics

17. Coordinate and subordinate phrases.
Coordination and Subordination are ways of combining words, phrases, and clauses into more complex forms.
Two elements are "coordinated" when they are at the same level, providing information that is somehow equal.
In linguistics, subordination (abbreviated variously subord, sbrd, subr or sr) is a principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units. The syntactic units are often either subordinate or coordinate to each other.
Coordination: coordinate phrases consist of two or more syntactically equivalent units joined in a cluster which functions as a single unit. The member units can be potentially joined together by means of a coordinate conjunction.
Subordination: subordinate phrases are structures in which one of the members is syntactically the leading element of the phrase. This dominating element is called the head-word, or the kernel, and can be expressed by different parts of speech.
Coordinative phrases
- The elements are equal in their status
- Are used to expand sentence components but not to build the structure of the sentence
- Are built either (1) with the help of conjunctions ex-
pressing coordination (^ the relation is formally marked)
or (2) without conjunctions
Subordinative phrases
the main type of phrase in any language
- The elements are not equal in their status: a head word + one or more ad­juncts
- Are used to build the structure of the sentence
- Are built either (1) with the help of prepositions expressing subordination (the de­pendence is formally marked)or (2) without prepositions
Synthetical relations between the components of a phrase
agreement – method of expressing a synthectical relationship which consist in making the subordinate word take a similar form of the head word // this book, those books as to the problem of agreement of the verb with the noun and pronoun denoting the subject of the action // a child plays, children play – usually treated on the sentence level
government – the use of certain form of subordinate word required by its head word but not coinciding with the form of the head word. Only case in ENG – personal pronouns // invite him