1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims

33. Typology of set-phrases of non-phraseological character in English and Ukrainian.
The term "set phrase" implies that the basic criterion of differentiation is stability of the lexical components and grammatical structure of word-groups.
Set ph-s are often words with a unique referent (e.g. Red Sea).There is no clear dividing line between a commonly used phrase and a set phrase. It is also not easy to draw a clear distinction between set phrases (carry equal stress on each word) and compound words (stressed on the 1 syllable).
Set ph-s are usually called "collocations", that is, words that are commonly used together. They can be: - verb-noun combinations (take a bath, make a promise, вступити до університету), - adjective-noun combinations (innocent bystander, білий гриб), - preposition-noun (по вінця, on board) combinations. Collocation comprises the restrictions on how words can be used together, for example which prepositions are used with particular verbs, or which verbs and nouns are used together (e.g. strong tea, but not powerful tea).
Set ph-s should not be confused with idioms. In idioms, the meaning is completely non-compositional whereas in set phrases their elements are semantically motivated.
To non-stable phraseological units belong: 1) idioms, one of the words of which have unusual meaning; 2) non-idiomatic non-stable combinations of words, which are characterized by the frequent co-­occurrence of the word group (укр. генна інженерія, нейтронна бомба, рос. перочинный нож). In Russian and Ukrain sphere of stylistically neutral and official lexicon two-member expressions are predominant.


34. Morphological constants for typological analysis.
Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. Morphemes cannot always stand as words on their own.
Acc. to degree of self-dependence: - free (can stand alone – red, ліс); - bound (is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme -ець, -er); - semi-bound (well-done, вищезазначений).
Acc. to the structure: - simple (one phoneme alike, весна); - compound (-ment, -ство);
Acc.to sem. properties: - root (the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents - pen, дім ), - affixal (morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word -ship, -ness, -ець); - inflectional (the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case -s, -ий).