suburb of Los Angeles has become the headquarters of a global dream-machine. Perhaps we dreamed
differently in the past. Today, thanks in part to Hollywood, people everwhere have similar dreams.
We now live in the age of global culture. Hollywood did not invent this culture - but for better or for
worse, it has become one of the most powerful elements in it. Like it or not, we all now live on planet
Hollywood.
12
America's oil - a love affair
In September 2000, the world was hit by an "oil crisis"; the cost of crude oil reached over 35 dollars a
barrel, and gasoline (which the British call "petrol") became very expensive. Even in America. Since then,
the cost of oil has fallen; but even in the USA, use of oil has continued to fall .
During the summer of 2000, lots of car-drivers in America were angry. The cost of gasoline
went above $2 a gallon in some states. The age of cheap gasoline was over.
Today, in 2016, gas costs at least $ 2 a gallon throughout the USA. In California, even regular
gas costs about $2.80 a gallon.
This is very cheap compared to Europe,* * but Americans think that it is very expensive.
The United States is the land of relatively cheap energy; America is the second biggest
producer of oil in the world, but it is also the biggest importer. In fact, the USA imports over
20% of its energy, mostly in the form of oil.
There is oil under the ground in many parts of the USA. America's first oil wells were drilled in
the year 1859, in Pennsylvania; and since then, more and more wells have been made in other
states.
Today, oil companies are "fracking", and finding lots more oil under the ground.
Working in the American oil industry
The centre of America's oil industry today is the state of Texas; and America's "oil capital" is
the city of Dallas. Texas is by far the biggest producer of oil in the USA.
It was not always the case; the first Texan oil-wells were opened in 1901, when there was
already a big oil industry in other parts of the USA. But without the oil from Texas, America's
history would have been very different.
In 2001, Texans celebrated their "oil centenary".
Cheap oil and cheap gasoline helped to make modern America. They shaped America's cities,
and they were an essential part of the American lifestyle. They were also essential in the great
empty states of the West, where people often have to travel long distances.
Today, Americans consume about 25% of the world's energy.... far more than people in other
countries; but the situation is slowly changing.
Americans are already buying smaller cars, and American cars consume much less gas than
they used to. But in the coming years, they will use less and less oil. They will have to.
There is still a lot of oil under the ground, but oil and gas must become more expensive in the
future. Over 50% of America's traditional oil reserves have already been used - mostly since
1950. Nobody knows when America's oil will start running out, but the first problems could
come in less than 20 years. And as soon as oil starts running out, its price will go up very
quickly!
In conclusion, the "two dollar gallon" was good for America. It has encouraged Americans to
buy smaller cars, and to use less energy. That way, America's oil will last longer..... perhaps until
the age of clean green energy arrives.
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