1. Tense Categories of the English Language

29. The category of morpheme.
Morpheme is a minimal undividable part of the language in which certain sense is connected with a certain phonetic form. Morphemes may be of lexical (roots), lexico-grammatical (affixes) and purely grammatical (flexions) meaning. Morphemes are not always parts of the word. They may be words themselves: simple nouns, pronouns, articles, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs).
According to their meaning and function in the structure of the word root and affix morphemes are distinguished.
Root morpheme expresses a general lexical meaning of the word. Root morphemes may be free and connected.
Affix morphemes give additional meaning to the word. They have word-building or pragmatic meaning. Sometimes they are markers of grammatical categories of the word (gender of the noun: actress, tense of the verb: looked).
Grammatical affixes:1) form-building; 2) word-changing.


30. Phonetic Stylistic Devices.
The most powerful expressive means (EM) of any language are phonetic. Pitch, melody, stress, sounds, pausation, drawling, whispering, a sing-song manner of speech are very effective EM. These EM are studied by phonetics. Stylistics observes the nature of EM and their capacity of becoming stylistic devices (SD). The phonetic SD are alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme, rhythm.
Alliteration is a phonetic SD which consists in the repetition of similar consonants in close succession to express a definite feeling, to contribute something to the general effect of the message.
Assonance is a phonetic SD which consists in the repetition of similar vowels in close succession with the purpose to create a strong emotional effect.
Cf. This tuneful peal will still ring on. /Th. Moore/
The repetition of the sound /1/ in this line renders the musical effect too.
Onomatopoeia is a phonetic SD which consists in imitating sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder), by people (sighing, laughter, patter of feet), by animals, by things, etc. This SD expresses a definite feeling or state of mind.
Rhyme is a phonetic SD which consists in the repetition of identical or similar sound combinations of words. The rhymes may be arranged in couplets (aa), in triplets (aaa), in cross rhymes (abab) and in framing (abba).
Rhythm as a phonetic SD consists in regular periodicity of long / short, stressed / unstressed, high / low segments of speech. It brings order into me utterance. Rhythm intensifies the emotion (enumeration, repetition, parallel construction, etc.).