1. Tense Categories of the English Language

Alternative questions, indicating choice and spoken with a rising intonation in the first part and falling in the second. Do you live in town or in the city?
Disjunctive questions requiring the answer yes or no and consisting of an affirmative statement followed by an affirmative question. You speak English, don’t you?
The imperative sent. serves to indicate a person to do something, so it expresses a command , a request, an invitation. Commands are characterized by a falling tone. Come to the blackboard. Stop talking.

The exclamatory sentences, expresses some kinds of emotions or feelings. It often begins with a word what and how. It is generally spoken with a falling intonation. What a lovely day it is! Beautiful! How wonderful!

According to the structure:
Simple: Two-member(subj. pred.) and one-member(subj. or pred)
Extended(subj.pred.attributes.objects adv. Mod.) or unextended(subj. pred.)

COMPOUND SENTENSE

Which consists of two or more clauses coordinated with each other. In a compound sentence clauses may be connected syndetically(by means of coordinating conjunctions and or else but)and asyndetically(without a conjunction or conjunctive adverb)
COMPLEX SENT.consists of a principal clause and subordinate. Clauses may link syndet. and asynd.
Subject clauses(prform the func. Of subject to principal clause)
Predicative clauses(perf. The func. Of the predicate

Object clauses

Attributive clauses(serve as an attribute to the noun in princ. Clause)

Adverbial clauses(perform the function of adverbial modifier.


21. Etymological structure of English vocabulary.
English was greatly influenced by many languages. It happened so because of many reasons.
The Norman culture of the 11^th century was superior to that of the Saxons. The result was that an immense number of French words entered English vocabulary. When the Saxons borrowed Latin words for ‘butter’, ‘plum’, ‘beet’, they did it because their own vocabularies lacked words for these new objects. For the same reason the words potato and tomato were borrowed by English from Spanish when these vegetables were first brought to England by the Spaniards. Sometimes the words were borrowed because they presented the same notion as the English word but had a new shade of meaning or a different emotional colouring. That is how the Latin cordial was added to the native friendly, the French desire to wish, the Latin admire and the French adore to like and love. The names of sciences were borrowed from Greek and Latin, most of them are international: philosophy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, linguistics, lexicology. Terms of art were also borrowed from these languages: music, theatre, drama, tragedy, comedy, artist, primadonna.
Very often the words even though they are of Latin origin were borrowed from other languages. So, the words to question, to report, to invite, to interpret, to excuse were borrowed to English from French though they are of Latin origin.