1-тема Translation Theory as a Science

3-тема. Principles of Translation

We must put into prairie certain components of human information processing:

1) listening and recall;

2) shadowing

3) dual-task training or parallel processing

4) paraphrasing

5) closing

6) sight translating

7) sight interpreting

8) lagging

9) anticipating

10) names

This is oral translation. In concern:

1) the perception of the speech in English and the translation are separated,

2) in concern to the memory is loaded it is necessary to keep in the memory,

3) it is really with help of writing.

How are they to get sense out of the fleeting passage of sounds?

The students should try to understand what a speaker has in mind when uttering a word sequence. Students should not translate what they hear but what the speaker wanted to convey. Correct listening is achieved step by step. Students should visualize the information instead of memorize verbally concrete cases in the information should be thought.

Correct listening depends to a large degree on the presentation of speeches. By this we mean two things: keep the presentation long enough to make sure the words cannot all be remembered and ask the speaker to maintain his usual rate of delivery. A short speech should last 1, 5 or 2 minutes.

Note taking

Notes do not correspond to the words spoken by a speaker. But to the ideas understood by the interpreter. They are called reminders not transcripts of a speech when they start rendering it, though the mass of fleeting sounds that carried it has long vanished.

On teaching

Correct listening, correct note taking in consecutive, correct sense of cognitive complements, clear expression of ideas, transeoding where applicable, such are the basic techniques required for the implementation of the fundamental principles of interpreting.

Consecutive interpreting is to be taught first. Simultaneous translation should not be started as long as consecutive has not been mastered. Step by step, the demands made on the student’s performances become more exacting first the students are trained to render the information, later other details, means, appropriateness of style are taught.