1. Supercomputer

2. The supervisor or kernel manages the CPU. The OS also manages memory, by partitioning, dividing memory into foreground/background areas, and arranging programs in queues to be processed.
3. In file management, the OS records the storage location of files.
4. Task management includes multitasking, executing more than one program concurrently; multiprogramming, concurrent execution of different users’ programs; time-sharing, round robin processing of programs of several users; and multiprocessing, simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple computers.
5. Formatting, or initializing, consists of preparing a disk to store data or programs.
13. Explain CISC and RISC instructions
The microprocessor, is the miniaturized circuitry storing the program instructions that manipulate data into information. 2 architectures for microprocessors:

1. CISC (complex instruction set computing) chips, which are used mostly in PCs and in conventional mainframes, can support a large number of instructions, but at relatively low processing speeds. Because the chip provides so many processing tools, CISC designs make the programmer’s job easier. However, CISC chips are complex and expensive to produce, and they run hot because they consume so much current. Examples of CISC chips include Intel-type chips for PCs (made by Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and others for Compaq, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM).
2. RISC (reduced instruction set computing) chips, used mainly in workstations. A great many seldom-used instructions are eliminated and as a result, workstations can work up to many times faster then most PCs. It offers a bare-bones instruction set. For this reason, RISC chips are less complex, less expensive to produce, and more efficient in power usage. The major drawback of the RISC design is that the computer must combine or repeat operations to complete many processing operations (e.g. using repeated addition to eliminate multiplication circuitry). Examples of RISC chips are the Motorola-type chips (made by Motorola for Apple i-Mac computers).
14. What is system development life cycle (SDLC)