319
9.22. Семейство Mimiviridae (мимивирус)..........................................280
9.23.Прион или медленно протекающие инфекцие............................287
IV – часть. Закономерности развития вируснх эпифитотий.........................289
10 – глава. О закономерностиях развития вируснх эпифитотий..................289
10.1. Очаги вируснх инфекций..............................................................289
10.2. Естественне очаги инфекции вирусов растений.........................291
10.3. Распространение вируснх инфекций...........................................297
Приложения.........................................................................................................301
Ключеве слова...................................................................................................320
Литература...........................................................................................................32
6
Заключение………………………………………………………………….…331
320
Content
Page
Introduction............................................................................................................ 3
Part I. The subject and history of virology .............................................................4
Chapter 1. The subject of virology and the definition of viruses .......................... 4
1.1. Sections of virology…............................................................................4
1.2. The opinions of various virologists about viruses ................................ 5
1.3. Some discoveries in virology…………………………………….......10
Chapter 2. History of virology development........................................................12
2.1. The history of virology before the discovery of viruses..................... 12
2.2. Discovery of viruses.............................................................................15
2.3. Development stages in virology...........................................................20
2.4. The development concepts about nature of viruses ............................ 28
2.5. Value of viruses ...................................................................................30
2.6. Origin of viruses……………............................................................. 32
2.7. Usage of viruses.................................................................................. 33
Part II. Foundations of molecular biology of viruses….....................................38
Chapter 3. Virus isolation and biological purification…………………………38
3.1. Isolation of viruses...............................................................................39
3.2. Identification of viruses with indicator plants……..……………....... 53
3.3. Receiving of pure viral preparations……......................................... 59
Chapter 4. Purification of viruses by physico-chemical methods ....................... 64
4.1. Criterion for the cleanliness of viral preparations ...............................64
4.2. Optimizing virus excretion.................................................................. 67
4.3. Capability of purification methods……………………….................. 69
4.4.Physico-chemical methods of virus isolation and purification............ 70
4.5. Gelfiltration ................................................. ...................................... 72
4.6. Receiving of partially purified virus preparations by isoelectric
precipitation (IEP)………………………………………………………...83
4.7. Obtaining partially purified UTM preparations by salting out….........85
4.8. Preparation of pure TMV preparations by the differential
centrifugation method………………………………………………......... 85
4.9. Purification of TMV by centrifugation of the sucrose density
gradient……………………………………………………………………86
4.10. Purification of TMV by biospecific chromatography........................91
4.11. Purification of TMV by Electrophoresis in Columns in
Polyacrylamide Gel (PAGE) ..................................................................... 90
4.12. Isolation of the pure preparation of the X-virus of potatoes ............ 92
4.13. Methods for separating viruses into component parts....................... 92
4.14. The study of nucleic acids…............................................................. 98
Chapter 5. Morphology and structure of viruses................................................ 100
5.1. Morphology of viruses...................................................................... 100
5.2. The size of viral nucleoproteins….....................................................102
5.3. Structure and molecular structure of viruses .....................................104
