1-мавзу: кириш

Iplarning tukdorligi- ipning tashqarisida chiqib turgan, tuk hosil qilgan alohida halqachalar va tola uchlarining mavjudligidir. Ipning uzunlik birligiga to‘g‘ri kelgan tuklar miqdori tukdorlik qalinligini ifodaloydi. Tukchalarning o‘rtacha uzunligi – integralli baholash bo‘lib, uzunlik birligidagi tolalar soni va ularning o‘rtacha uzunligini hisobga oladi. Tukchalar maydonlari yig‘indisi –integral xarakteristika bo‘lib, tukchalar soni, ularning o‘rtacha uzunligi va ularning o‘rtacha ko‘ndalang kesimi maydonlarini bildiradi. Tukdorlikni aniqlash uslublari: 1.Gravimetrik uslub – ip tukdorligini tukli va tuksiz ip massalari farqi bo‘yicha aniqlanadi; 2.Optik (proeksiyali) – optik sistemalar yordamida 1 mm ipning proeksiyasini ekranga tushirib tuklarini sinash bilan amalga oshiriladi; 3.Elektrostatik – nisbiy baholash uslubi bo‘lib, yuqori kuchlanishda generatordan zaryadlangan ip tutamchalaridagi zaryadlarni halqasimon elektrodlar yordamida echib ip kesmidagi iplar tukdorligi aniqlanadi; 4.Fotoelektrik uslub – bunda uzluksiz o‘tayotgan ip optik kattaytirilib avtomatik ravishda uzunlik birligiga to‘g‘ri keluvchi tuklar qayd qilinadi va natijalar qayta ishlanib tukdorlik xarakteristikalari olinadi.	Vorsistost pryaji - nalichie konchikov volokon i otdelnыx petelek volokon, vыstupayuщix na poverxnosti pryaji i obrazuyuщix vors. Kolichestvo vorsinok na edinitsu dlinы pryaji svidetelstvuet o gustote vorsa. Summarnaya dlina vorsinok - integralnaya otsenka, uchitыvayuщaya kak chislo volokon na edinitsu dlinы, tak i ix srednyuyu dlinu. Summarnaya ploщad vorsinok - integralnaya xarakteristika, uchitыvayuщaya chislo vorsinok, ix srednyuyu dlinu i ix srednyuyu ploщad poperechnogo secheniya. Metodы opredeleniya vorsistosti: 1.gravimetricheskiy - metod otsenki vorsistosti pryaji putem opredeleniya raznitsы massы pryaji s vorsom i bez vorsa; 2.opticheskiy (proeksionnыy) - zaklyuchaetsya v proetsirovanii pryaji posredstvom opticheskoy sistemы na ekran i podschete chisla vorsinok na otrezke izobrajeniya, sootvetstvuyuщem 1 mm dlinы pryaji; 3.elektrostaticheskiy - metod kosvennoy otsenki vorsistosti pryaji po elektrostaticheskomu zaryadu, snimaemomu elektrodom kolsevogo vida v rezultate proxojdeniya vorsinok, poluchivshix zaryad ot generatora vыsokogo napryajeniya; 4.fotoelektricheskiy - metod, pri kotorom pri opticheskom uvelichenii avtomaticheski registriruetsya chislo vorsinok na edinitsu dlinы neprerыvno kontroliruemoy pryaji.
Yarn-pileiness is the presence of fiber tips and separate loops of fibers protruding on the surface of the yarn and forming a pile. The number of fibers per unit length of yarn indicates the density of the pile. The total length of the villi is an integral estimate that takes into account both the number of fibers per unit length and their average length. The total area of ​​the villi is an integral characteristic that takes into account the number of villi, their average length and their average cross-sectional area. Methods for determining hairiness: 1. Gravimetric - a method for evaluating the hairiness of a yarn by determining the difference in mass of yarn with and without a nap; 2.optical (projection) - consists in projecting a yarn by means of an optical system onto a screen and counting the number of fibers on an image segment corresponding to 1 mm of yarn length; 3. Electrostatic - method of indirect assessment of yarn yarniness by electrostatic charge removed by a ring-shaped electrode as a result of passing villi that were charged by a high-voltage generator; 4. photoelectric - a method in which the number of villi per unit length of continuously controlled yarn is automatically recorded during optical magnification