1. Intonation of Greetings

15. Intonation of Question Tags and Echo-Questions.
Question Tags always have a verb like be, have, must, can, do – in other words the kind of verb that can be the first word in a yes/no question. When we are sure that we are right we should use HF+ LF/MF. And in this sentences we see comma, when it is written down but we don’t here it. When we express orders or warnings by sentences with question-tags we should use HF+LF/MF. The same falling intonation is used on won’t you and will you as reassuring fraise after orders and warnings. Tags very often rise, too. There is in tag-questions expressing uncertainty. In such cases we use HF+HWR/LWR (for friends). All the tags so far have been negative-positive or positive-negative. But although negative-negative never occurs, we do find positive-positive tags. Positive-Positive are always rise (HWR/LWR). This kind of kind of tags shows great interest and sometimes little irony. The other common types of rising tag are fraises with Let’s+shall and offers and suggestions. Don’t confuse question tags with true short questions which are used with HWR/LWR on the pronoun. Next we will look at Echo-Questions in which we use HWR too, but on the auxiliary verb. If you say Really? Is that true? Oh? the meaning would be the same. Sometimes we need to show more that just interest and we use HF in such questions. But there is a sharp rise before the fall. You will find that a rise-fall like this always shows special interest. sometimes with a bit suspicion, irony, humor. And sometimes this intonation shows that you are very impressed by someone. These Echo-Questions look like questions, but really they are not.
16. Intonation of Short Questions and Short Answers.
True short questions consist of auxiliary verb and pronoun and in these questions we have HWR/ LWR on pronoun. Sometimes the short answer answers a question, sometimes it agrees with a comment, and sometimes it disagrees with a comment. We have fall on the auxiliary verb. It may be MF, HF (energetic) or LF (reserved). We often add Yes or No. There are two sharp falls there. If the question about the subject we should put fall on pronoun or noun in our short answer. When we want to comment smth through short answer you should use FRD. And there is only one more important kind of short answer and that is Contradiction, in other words direct disagreement. And in these case we should use HF+LWR.