1. federative state федеративное государство

Economy of Canada
Canada has the ninth largest economy in the world, is one of the world's wealthiest nations, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development¹. As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians.
Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, centered in Central Canada, with the automobile industry especially important.
International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources. In 2011, agricultural, energy, forestry and mining exports accounted for about 58% of Canada's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures accounted for a further 38% of exports in 2009. In 2009, exports accounted for approximately 30% of Canada's GDP². The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 73% of exports and 63% of imports as of 2009. Canada's combined exports and imports ranked 8^th among all nations in 2012. Canada exports raw materials such as oil, gas, coal, and lumber. Canada exports gems, and precious metals like gold, and diamonds. Canada also exports machinery, automotive parts, fruits, vegetables, and fish.
Canada has considerable natural resources spread across its varied regions. As an example, in British Columbia the forestry industry is of great importance, while the oil and gas industry is important in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador. Northern Ontario is home to a wide array of mines, while the fishing industry has long been central to the character of the Atlantic Provinces. Canada has mineral resources of coal, copper, iron ore, and gold.
Canada has one of the highest levels of economic freedom in the world. Today Canada closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production.

VOCABULARY:

1. wealthiest nations – богатые страны
2.to be dominated by – преобладать (доминировать) в чем то
3.service industry – сфера услуг
4.employ – give work to (someone) and pay them for it. привлекать, ′the firm employs 150 people′
5.logging – лесозаготовка
6.especially – особенно
7.particularly – особенно
8.exports accounted for – экспорт составлял
9.approximately – примерно, приблизительно
10.considerable natural resources – значительные природные ресурсы
11.spread across regions – распределена по регионам
12.iron ore – железные руды

EXERCISES:

I. Answer the following questions:
1. Why is Canada economy so highly - developed?
2. What are main industries of Canada?
3. Where are oil and gas industries located?
4. What can you say about Canada’s agriculture?
5. What does Canada export?

II. Find in the text the English equivalents for:

1) является одним из богатых стран мира;
2) сервис индустрия является преобладающей отраслью экономики страны;
3) … в котором задействованы три четверти населения Канады;
4) Канада является необычным среди развитых стран;
5) две основные области канадской экономики;
6) из давних времен является ее крупнейшим торговым партнером;
7) комбинация экспорта и импорта занимает 8-е место среди всех народов;
8) …. экспорт составлял примерно …;
9) … является родиной рудников широкого спектра;
10) Канада имеет минеральные ресурсы угля, меди, железной руды и золота.

III. Fill in the blanks with the suitable word from the box.

highest economy freedom sizable exports coal resources Canada forestry U.S. service industry

1. has the ninth largest _________ in the world.

2. is dominated by the ______________.
3. has a _____________ manufacturing sector.
4. Canada has considerable natural ______________.
5. the _____________ industry is of great importance.
6. Canada has mineral resources of _________, copper, iron ore, and gold.
7. has one of the highest levels of economic _______________.
8. In 2011, agricultural, energy, forestry and mining ___________ accounted for about 58% of Canada's total exports.
9. … one of the _________ levels of economic freedom in the world.
10. Today _________ closely resembles the ___________ in its market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production.

1^ The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international economic organisation of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members.

2^ The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Canada was worth 1825.10 billion US dollars in 2013. The GDP value of Canada represents 2.94 percent of the world economy. GDP in Canada averaged 558.44 USD Billion from 1960 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 1825.10 USD Billion in 2013 and a record low of 40.77 USD Billion in 1961. GDP in Canada is reported by the World Bank Group.