Introduction Font size Time New Roman 12 bold
This part provides the state of the art of the study and consists of an adequate background, previous research in order to record the existing solutions/method to show which is the best, the main limitation of previous research, to show the scientific merit or novelties of the paper, and research objective. Avoid a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. Do not describe the literature survey/review as author by author, but should be presented as a group per method or topic reviewed which refers to some pieces of literature. Before the objectives and after the literature review, the author must state the
gap analysis or novelties statements to show why does this paper is important and what is a unique idea of this paper compared to other previous researchers' suggestions.
One of the examples of novelty statement or the gap analysis statement at the end of Introduction section (after state of the art of previous research survey):
“ ........ (short summary of background)....... .....(put here state of the art or overview of previous researches similar to this research).............. A few researchers focused on ....... There have been limited studies concerned on ........ Therefore, this research intends to ................. The objectives of this research are .........”.
or
“
........ (short summary of background)....... .....(put here state of the art or overview of previous researches similar to this research).............. A few researchers focused on ....... There is no researcher concerned on ........ Therefore, this research focuses on ................. Therefore, this research is aimed to .........”.
etc.
Methods
This part explains how the research is conducted, research design, data collecting techniques, instrument development, provide sufficient details of the methods including the ethical conduct and data analysis techniques.
Equations should be numbered serially within parentheses as shown in Equation (1). Equation should be prepared using MS Equation Editor (not in image format). The equation number is to be placed at the extreme right side.
The runoff in each cell is the volume of the excess rainfall in each time fraction,
Δt, calculated as follows:
(3)
where
Q(t) is the runoff in a cell at time step
i (m
3/s),
Pe(t)I is
the excess rainfall depth at time step
i (m),
Δt is the time fraction (s), and
A the cell size (m
2). Based on eq. (3), the runoff volume,
V(t), in each cell can be written as follows:
(4)
The excess rainfall,
Pe(t) in eq. (3) was calculated using the NRCS-CN method as follows: (USDA, 2004a)
(5)
where
P is the rainfall depth (mm) and
S is the maximum soil water retention parameter (mm).