Manufacture of Portland cement Chemical composition of Portland cement Hydration of cement Calcium silicate hydrates Tricalcium aluminate hydrate and the action of gypsum Setting False set Fineness of cement Structure of hydrated cement Volume of products of hydration Capillary pores Gel pores Mechanical strength of cement gel Water held in hydrated cement paste Heat of hydration of cement Influence of the compound composition on properties of cement Effects of alkalis Effects of glass in clinker Tests on properties of cement Consistency of standard paste Setting time Soundness Strength of cement References Cementitious materials of different types
Categorization of cementitious materials Different cements Ordinary Portland cement Rapid-hardening Portland cement Special very rapid-hardening Portland cements Low heat Portland cement Sulfate-resisting cement White cement and pigments Portland blastfurnace cement Supersulfated cement Pozzolanas Fly ash Pozzolanic cements Silica fume Fillers Other cements Which cement to use High-alumina cement Manufacture Composition and hydration Resistance to chemical attack Physical properties of high-alumina cement Conversion of high-alumina cement Refractory properties of high-alumina cement References Properties of aggregate General classification of aggregates Classification of natural aggregates Sampling
Particle shape and texture Bond of aggregate Strength of aggregate Other mechanical properties of aggregate Specific gravity Bulk density Porosity and absorption of aggregate Moisture content of aggregate Bulking of fine aggregate Deleterious substances in aggregate Organic impurities Clay and other fine material Salt contamination Unsound particles Soundness of aggregate Alkali-silica reaction Tests for aggregate reactivity
Alkali-carbonate reaction Thermal properties of aggregate Sieve analysis Grading curves Fineness modulus Grading requirements Practical gradings Grading of fine and coarse aggregates Oversize and undersize Gap-graded aggregate Maximum aggregate size Use of ‘plums’ Handling of aggregate Special aggregates Recycled concrete aggregate References Preface to the Fifth Edition The format, organization and style of this edition are the same as those of the previous editions. The justification is that those features have shown themselves to be successful by the fact that sales have continued to be strong right up to the year 2011. The total sales in English, as well as in the languages into which this book has been translated, exceed half-a-million copies over a period of nearly half-a-century.
With the passage of time, standards evolve, become modified, withdrawn and replaced. This produces a need for updating a technical book such as Properties of Concrete and can be accommodated by minor changes in new impressions of an existing edition, as was done in the 14 impressions of the fourth edition, which I intended to be final. This is still the case with American standards, where ASTM has a strict policy of periodic reviews, confirmation or replacement. On the other hand, the situation of the British standards is far more complex. Specifically, there exist now some new British standards, described as also European standards, denoted by BS EN. There continue to be in force some traditional British standards, denoted by BS. In some cases, the British standards are described as obsolete,