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Partial conformities

Absence of conformities

5. 
   
6. 
   I. COMPLETE CONFORMITIES
   
7. 
   Complete coincidence of form and content in phraseological units is rarely met with.
   

1. 
   Black frost / phraseme/
   

• 
  кора совук
  
• 
  сильный мороз
  

2. 
   To bring oil to fire/idiom/
   

• 
  алангага ёг куймок
  
• 
  подлить масло в огонь
  

3. 
   To lose one’s head/ idiom/
   

8. 
   - гангиб колмок
   
9. 
   - потерять голову
   

1. 
   PARTIAL CONFORMITIES. Partial conformities of phraseological units in two languages assume lexical, grammatical and lexico- grammatical differences with identity of meaning and style, i.e. they are figuratively close but differ in lexical composition, morphologic number and syntactic arrangement of the order of words. One may find:
   

1. 
   Partial lexical conformities by lexic parameters/ lexical composition/.
   

a)- To get out of bed on the wrong foot / idiom/

10. 
    - Чап ёни билан турмок
    

- Встать с левой ноги
b)- To have one’s heat in one’s boots /idiom/

• 
  Юраги оркасига кетмок
  
• 
  Душа в пятку ушла
  

c) – To lose one’s temper / phraseme/
- Сабри чидамок

• 
  Выйти из себя, потерять терпениe
  

d)- To dance to somebody’s pipe / idiom/

• 
  Бировнинг ногорасига уйнамок
  
• 
  Играть под чью –либо дудочку
  

2. 
   Partial conformities by grammatical parameters
   
3. 
   Differing as to morphological arrangement / number/
   

1. 
   To fish in troubled waters./ idiom/
   

- лойка сувда балик тутмок

• 
  ловить рыбу в мутной воде
  

2. 
   From head to foot / idiom/
   

• 
  бошдан оёгигача
  
• 
  с ног до головы
  

3. 
   To agree like cats and dogs / phraseme/
   

• 
  ит мушукдек яшамок
  
• 
  жить как кошка с собакой
  

4. 
   To keep one’s head /idiom/
   

• 
  узини йукотмаслик
  
• 
  не потерять голову
  

4. Duffering as to syntactical arrangement

1. 
   Strike while the iron is hot.
   

• 
  темирни кизигида бос
  
• 
  куй железо пока горячо
  

2. 
   Egyptian darkness
   

• 
  коп-коронги зимистон / гордек коронги /
  
• 
  тьма египетская
  

3. 
   Armed to teeth
   

• 
  тиш – тирногигача куролланган
  
• 
  вооружённый до зубов
  

4. 
   All is not gold that glitters
   

• 
  барча ялтираган нарса олтин эмас
  
• 
  не всё золото, что блестит
  

3.ABSENCE OF CONFORMITIES

Many English phraseological units have no phraseological conformities in Uzbek and Russian. In the first instance this concerns phraseological units based on realiae. When translating units of this kind it is advisable to use the following types of translation:

1. 
   A verbatim word for word translation.
   
2. 
   Translation by analogy.
   
3. 
   Descriptive translation.
   

1. 
   VERBATUM TRANSLATION is possible when the way of thinking / in thе phraseological unit / does not bear a specific national feature.
   

1. 
   To call things by their true names / idiom /
   

• 
  хар нарсани уз номи билан атамок
  
• 
  называть все вещи своими именами
  

2. 
   The arms race / phraseme/
   

• 
  куролланиш пойгаси
  
• 
  гонка вооружений
  

3. 
   Cold war / idiom/
   

• 
  совук уруш
  
• 
  холодная война
  

В. TRANSLATING BY ANALOGY; this way of translating is resorted to when the phraseological unit has a specific national realiae.

1. 
   “ Dick” said the dwarf, thrashing his head in at the door – “ my pet, my pupil, the apple of my eye hey”. /Ch. Dickens “ The Old Curiosity Shop” ch 1 / idiom//.
   

• 
  “Дик, азизим, толибим, кузимнинг нури”- хурсандлигидан хитоб килди митти одам эшикка бошини сукиб
  
• 
  “Дик, – воскликнул карлик, просовывая голову в дверь,- мой любимец, мой ученик, свет моих очей”
  

2. 
   To pull somebody’s leg / idiom/
   

• 
  мазах килмок
  
• 
  одурачить кого-либо.
  

C. DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION i.e. translating phraseological units by a free combination of words is possible when the phraseological unit has a particular national feature and has no analogy in the language it is to be translated into.

11. 
    1. To enter the house / phraseme /
    

• 
  парламент аъзоси булмок
  
• 
  стать членом парламента
  

12. 
    2. To cross the flour of the house / idiom/
    
13. 
    - бир партиядан бошка партияга утиб кетмок
    
14. 
    - перейти с одной партии в другую
    

Translation of phraseological units always courses some problems as they are inseparable set expressions and can not be translated word for word and can have integral translation. Most scientists as Vinogradov V.V., Amosova N.N., Arnold I.V., Koonin A.V. and others suggested their types of classification of Phraseological units. Amosova N.N. defines phraseological units as units of fixed context, i.e. phrases with a specific and stable sequence of certain lexical components and peculiar semantic relations between them. In these terms, phraseological units are usually classified into idioms and phrasemes. (Amosova N.N.-Essentials of English Phraseology. Leningrad: 1963). So translation is based on their conformity in the target language. There are complete conformity or full equivalent, partial conformity or partial equivalent and absence of conformity.
The translation of propositional phraseological units is rather complicated. Sometimes while rendering into Uzbek we do not have prepositions in our translations. In cold- blood sovuqqonlik bilan.
E.g. He handed her the note in cold blood and left the room.
U sovuqqonlik bilan maktubni unga tutqazdi va honadan chiqib ketti.
From head to foot- boshdan oyoq
This phraseological unit is considered to be a full equivalent..
Adverbial phraseological units are the units which is equal to adverbs:

1. 
   Armed to the theeth- tishigacha qurollangan
   
2. 
   Straight from the shoulders- to’g’ridan to’g’ri
   
3. 
   up to the elbow- kekirdagigacha to’yib ketgan
   
4. 
   Down in the mouth - ko’ngil cho’kkan
   

Here in the following example the word “mouth” is translated as “kayfiyat” into Uzbek and the adverb “down” as “tushkun”. The way of translation is to find partial equivalent on lexical parameters.
E.g. young Burkett, the architect, had seen Bosini coming out of a third-rate restaurant, looking terrible down in the mouth. (J.Galsworthy, the Man of Property, part III, ch I).
Yosh Barkit, me’mor, Bossinini juda hafa yuz bilan uchunchi darajali restorandan chiqib kelayotganini ko’rdi.
Straight from the shoulders- to’g’ridan to’g’ri Here in the following example the adverb “straight” can be given as “to’g’ri”. But the word “shoulders” is omitted. The way of translation is a partial equivalent on lexical parameters.
E.g. Now you have got is straight from the shoulder and I’m go­ing up to bed. (Galsworthy, “The Country House”, part II, ch IX). Endi, hammasini ochiq yuzingizga aytganimdan keyin uhlashga ketsam boladi.
Verbal phraseological units are units which include and denote an action.

1. 
   Get somebody up on his ears - jahlini chiqarmok qayrmoq
   

2. To set one’s face against something - biror bir narsaga qarshi chiqmoq
3. to measure another man’s foot by one’s own last-o’zining qulochida o’lchamoq
4. Not to know if one is (standing) on one’s head or one’s heels­. .
dovdirab qolish, nima qilishini bilmay qolmoq.
5. To wash one’s hands - qo’lni yuvib qo’ltiqqa urmoq
6. To cook one’s nose- burni baland bo’lib ketmoq, o’zini yoqotib qo’ymoq
7. To have one’s head in the clouds- osmonda uchib yurmoq, hayol surmoq
Now let us make analysis of some examples of verbal phrase­ological units denoting the parts of body and see the ways of their translation into the Uzbek language.
Get somebody up on his ears - this phraseological unit does not have phraseological conformities. There we can see ab­sence of conformity. We translate this phraseological unit by anal­ogy into the Uzbek language.
“Don’t get up on your ear, Dowey. I didn’t really mean that. (A sexton, “the Great Midland” part 4 chapter 11).
Not to know if one is(standing) on one’s head or heels- dovdirab qolish, nima deyisni bilmaslik.
To keep one’s mouth shut- tilini tiymoq.
The way of translation is complete equivalence
“Keep your mouth shut and don’t bother me.” (E. Hemingwey, “To have and have not”, part III, ch. I)²
“Tilingni tiyib yur va meni bezovta qilma.”
Noun phraseological units are units consisting of adjectives, pronouns and nouns.

1. 
   companion in arms- quroldosh o’rtoq
   
2. 
   bone of one’s bone and flesh of one’s flash- suyakdan suyak va jondan jon
   
3. 
   an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth- qonga qon, jonga jon,
   
4. 
   a honey tongue - a heart gall - tilida shakar, qalbida kasal, ,
   
5. 
   long in the tooth- qari, qarib chirigan
   
6. 
   a quick eye- o’tkir ko’z
   

7. one’s eye is bigger than one’s belly- qorni toq ko’zo och
Bone of one’s bone and flesh of one’s flesh- ,birovni qoni va jonidan paylj bolgan.
The way of translation of this phraseological unit is complete equivalence.
E.g. The Industrial Workers of the world was born of the bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the floating workers. (W. Foster, “Pages from the workers life”, Ch. 3)
“ Jahon sanoat ishchilari tashkiloti вақтинча ишга олинган ishchilarning qoni va jonidan paido bulgan edi.
A quick eye - otkir ko’z.
Here in adjective “quick” we translate as “otkir” , that’s why the way of translation is partial equivalent E.g. He has a quick eye on such things. Uning ko’zi bu kabi nar- salarga o’tkir edi.
Long in the tooth- qari, qarib chirigan. This phraseological unit is based on realiae. When, for example, a horse has long teeth it’s the sign of its old age. That’s why here we have absence of conformity. We translate this phraseological unit by the analogy with Uzbek language.
E.g: “Whom have you got in mind the squire said abruptly. “My fa­ther” said Michael; and we’d thought of Marques of Shropshire...” very long in the tooth. “But very spry” said Sir Lawrence.
(J. Galthworthy, “Swan Song”, part II, Ch 6).
So we analyzed the translation of phraseological unit with parts of body and we may say that mostly they coincide partially and can be translated by analogy, because Uzbek and English languages are rich in phraseological units. Translation by complete equivalence and verbatim translation are suggested to analyze as well.