Ў збекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети инглиз тили 1-факультети

Мустақил машғулотлар ва ишлар
Мустақил ўрганиш учун тавсия этиладиган мавзулар рўйхати ва дарс соатлари ҳажми

№	Мустақил таълим мавзулари	Дарс соатлари ҳажми
	8-семестр
1.	Development stages of translation studies	2
2	Translation problems of literary texts.	2
3.	Equivalence and adequacy in translation.	2
4.	Translation of publicistic and newspaper texts.	2
5.	Translation of official documents.	2
6.	Grammatical problems of translation.
7.	Transformations in translation.	2
8.	Translation of nationally-culturally marked words-realia.	2
9.	Translation of proper names, geographic names of organization, firms and periodicals	2
10.	Methods of oral translation.	2
11.	Basis of synchronous translation.	2
12.	Choice of word order in translation with the view of communicative and perspective peculiarities of translation of free word combination	2
13.	Peculiarities of translation of active/ passive construction	2
14.	Stylistic problems of translation.	2
15.	Translation of infinitive and infinitive constructions	2
	Жами	30 соат

Мустақил иш талабалар тмонидан мустақил равишда маълум мавзуда иш бажарилади. Мустақил ишлар маърузаларда ўтилмаган ва мухокама қилинмаган мавзуларни ўз ичига олади. Талаба ўзи мавзуни адабиётлар ва интернет асосида ёритади. Мустақил иш мақсади талабаларда мустақил иш олиб боришини ва мустақил фикр юритишини ўргатишдир. Мустақил ўзлаштириладиган мавзулар бўйича талабалар томонидан рефератлар тайёрлашади ва унинг тақдимоти ташкил қилинади. Тақдимот презентация, доклад, диспут, сухбат кўринишида ва бошқа ўқитишнинг турли интерактив усуллар шаклида бўлиши мумкин.

Глоссарий
Glossary


Glossary of Translation and Interpretation Terms
Antonymic Translation. Antonymic translation usually implies a comprehensive lexical and grammatical transformation: an affirmative construction is translated by a negative one or a negative construction – by an affirmative one. But such grammatical transformation is usually accompanied by lexical transformation – the key word of the SL utterance is translated by its antonym in the TL utterance, e.g. … the undead past – еще живое прошлое.
Background Information. Information relating to the source text that helps the translator perform the translation with more accuracy and in context using the correct style and tone. It will provide extra facts about the subject matter, the context, the audience and terminology. Examples include previously translated documents, glossaries with terminology, definitions, etc.
Back Translation. Translation back from the target language into the source language by a second translator. For example, if a document has been translated from English into French, the back translation would go from the translated French back into English to allow a speaker of English to check that no meaning has been lost in the translation process. However, a back translation will not necessarily be precisely same as the original text, nor should it be, as the translation process is much more subtle than a mere mechanical swapping words from one language to another. It includes transferring style, tone, grammar and idioms as well as meaning and this will often require much more than a rigid word-for-word changing of the text.